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Questions and Answers

What are the benefits of planning and scheduling?

Better organization of processes, improved communication and coordination, increased efficiency, better alignment with project goals.

Which of these are considered types of activity relationships?

  • Start-to-Start (correct)
  • Start-to-Complete
  • Finish-to-Middle
  • Finish-to-Start (correct)
  • Start-to-Finish (correct)
  • Finish-to-Finish (correct)

In a Finish-to-Start relationship, Activity A must finish before Activity B can start.

True (A)

The Critical Path Method (CPM) aims to find the shortest path through a network diagram.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 4D BIM? Explain its significance in construction.

<p>4D BIM integrates time and schedule information into a 3D BIM model, creating a virtual simulation of the construction process. It helps visualize and monitor the project's progress, identify potential conflicts, and optimize construction sequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three software programs used for scheduling in construction projects.

<p>Microsoft Project, Oracle Primavera P6, and Autodesk Navisworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some applications of 4D BIM in construction?

<p>Safety Management (A), Spatial Planning (B), Constructability Analysis (C), Crane Management (D), Waste Management (E), Forensic Analysis (F), Logistics Management (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Project Scheduling

Determining the sequence and timing of project activities.

4D BIM

BIM that incorporates time/schedule information, creating a virtual construction simulation.

Planning vs. Scheduling

Planning focuses on what, how, who, and why; scheduling focuses on when.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Breaking down a project into smaller, manageable tasks.

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Activity Relationships

Dependencies between tasks (e.g., finish-to-start, start-to-start).

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Finish-to-Start (FS)

One task must finish before another can start.

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Start-to-Start (SS)

Both tasks start at the same time.

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Finish-to-Finish (FF)

One task must finish before another can finish.

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Start-to-Finish (SF)

One task must start before another can finish.

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Lead Time

Time one activity precedes another.

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Lag Time

Time one activity is delayed from another.

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Critical Path Method (CPM)

Identifies the longest sequence of tasks that determine project duration.

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Critical Path

The longest sequence of connected tasks in a project.

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Total Float

Time an activity can be delayed without affecting the project deadline.

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Free Float

Time an activity can be delayed without delaying the next activity.

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Scheduling Software

Tools for creating, managing, and analyzing project schedules.

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Fast-tracking

Re-sequencing tasks to perform in parallel, without extra resources.

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Crashing

Adding resources to speed up a task.

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As-Planned vs. As-Built

Comparing the planned schedule to the actual progress.

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BIM Cost Estimating

Using BIM data to estimate project costs.

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4D Simulation

Visualizing a project's schedule in a BIM model.

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Constructability Analysis

Evaluation of a construction process's feasibility in BIM.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: BLDG 480/6241 - Building Information Modeling in Construction
  • Course subtitle: Project Scheduling and 4D Simulation
  • Instructor: Dr. Jong Won Ma, Assistant Professor
  • Department: Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering
  • University: Concordia University

Timeline

  • Week 1 (9/9): Lecture 1: Course Introduction & Lecture 2: Introduction to BIM
  • Week 2 (9/16): Lecture 3: Project setup & Lab 0: Hands-on 3D modeling (Required reading: Chapter 1 – BIM Handbook & Chapters 1-2 – BIM PxP Guide, LoD)
  • Week 3 (9/23): No class
  • Week 4 (9/30): Lecture 4: Model-based Cost Estimating & Lab 1: Hands-on Model-based Cost Estimating
  • Week 5 (10/7): Lecture 5: Project Scheduling and 4D Simulation & Lab 2: Hands-on 4D Simulation
  • Week 6 (10/14): No class (Thanksgiving Day)
  • Week 7 (10/21): Mid-term Exam & Group Presentations: HW1 (Groups 1-5)
  • Week 8 (10/28): Lecture 6: Design Coordination & Lab 3: Hands-on Design Coordination
  • Week 9 (11/4): Group Presentations: HW2 (Groups 6-10)
  • Week 10 (11/11): Lecture 7: Construction Progress Monitoring Technologies & Lab 4: Hands-on As-built Modeling and Documentation
  • Week 11 (11/18): Group Presentations: HW3 (Groups 11-15)
  • Week 12 (11/25): Lecture 8: Last Lecture & Guest Lecture – Federico Pensa, Fayolle Canada
  • Week 13 (12/2): Group Presentations: HW4 (Groups 16-21) & Final Exam
  • Week 14 (12/9): No class

Last Class Recap

  • Types of estimates
  • Estimate methods per Design Phase
  • UniFormat/MasterFormat

Overview

  • Planning & Scheduling
  • 4D BIM

Planning vs Scheduling

  • Planning: Process of determining how a project will be undertaken (What? How? Who? Why? Where? When? How much?)
  • Scheduling: Deals with "WHEN" on a detailed level

Why Planning & Scheduling

  • Better organization of processes (scope & responsibilities)
  • Basis for communication & coordination (e.g., project managers, superintendents, and subcontractors)
  • Increased efficiency (by optimizing time and resources)
  • Better alignment with project goals (e.g., semi-automation: computer-based progress monitoring & control tracking)

Planning & Scheduling Process

  • Establishing the goals & objectives
  • Identify project activities
  • Determine activity relationships
  • Determine activity durations
  • Perform schedule calculations
  • Revise and adjust
  • Monitor and control

Identifying Project Activities

  • Activity Types:
    • Production involving labor, materials, and equipment (e.g., erecting steel studs, placing concrete)
    • Procurement: Order, purchase, and deliver materials
    • Administrative and support activities: "secondary" to the construction process (e.g., submit shop drawings, approve shop drawings)
  • Use Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
    • Systematic way to break down project components
    • By Area or Trade
    • By Material (MasterFormat) or System (UniFormat)
  • Coding System
    • Example: A1-CN-B1010-33000 (Trade, Company Name, System, Area)

Determining Activity Relationships

  • 4 Types:
    • Finish-to-Start (FS)
    • Finish-to-Finish (FF)
    • Start-to-Start (SS)
    • Start-to-Finish (SF)
  • Lead & Lag
    • Lead: Time an activity precedes a successor
    • Lag: Time an activity must be delayed from a predecessor's start/finish

Determine Activity Durations

  • Use past similar projects
  • Subcontractor contracts
  • Rough estimates using cost data books (e.g., RS Means)
  • Software tools like Microsoft Project and Oracle Primavera P6

Perform Schedule Calculations

  • Critical Path Method (CPM)
    • Identifying critical activities that control project duration
    • Determining the shortest possible project completion time
    • Types of network diagrams: Activity-on-Node (AON) and Activity-on-Arrow (AOA)
  • Bar chart (a Gantt chart) - paired with CPM: visualize schedule, show task progress
  • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): helps account for uncertainty
  • Line of Balance (LOB)
  • Multi-Activity Chart (MAC)
  • Software tools are needed for larger projects

Revise and Adjust

  • Schedule optimization
  • Fast-track: Re-sequencing critical activities for parallel performance
  • Crashing: Allocating more resources to speed up activities
  • Additional Considerations
  • Calendars (workdays, holidays)
  • Weather
  • Crew composition
  • Equipment
  • Procurement
  • Contract compliance

Monitor and Control

  • Tracking progress against the plan (as-planned vs as-built)
  • Identify problems or delays.

4D BIM

  • Developing accurate project plans with time and schedule information linked to the BIM model
  • Creating virtual simulations of construction
  • Visualizing and monitoring construction development sequentially, spatially and temporally.

4D BIM Applications

  • Site logistics: Spatial planning, constructible analysis, logistics management, safety management, crane management.
  • Progress monitoring: Track physical progress.
  • Waste management
  • Forensic analysis: analyzing delays or issues.

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