Common Drugs and Their Uses

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blocker = another term for an antagonist drug, because antagonists block the action of neurotransmitters homeostasis = the state of equilibrium of the body mimetic = another term for an agonist, because agonists imitate or mimic the action of the neurotransmitter neurotransmitter = chemicals released by nerves that interact with receptors to cause an effect

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analgesia = a state in which pain is not felt even though a painful condition exists antipyertic = reduces fever bactericidal = bacteria killing bacteriostatic = bacteria inhibiting

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protease inhibitor = an antiviral used for HIV that blocks the enzyme responsible for viral replication lymphocytes = a type of white blood cell that helps defend the body against bacteria and diseased cells metastasized = when cancer cells spread beyond their original state neoplasm = a new and abnormal tissue growth, often referring to cancer cells

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remission = a state in which cancer cells are inactive arrhythmia = an abnormal heart rhythm cardiac cycle = the contraction and relaxation of the heart that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system diastolic pressure = the minimum blood pressure when the heart relaxes; the second number in a blood pressure reading Signup and view all the answers

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electrocardiogram (EKG) = a graph of the heart's rhythms embolism, embolus = a clot that has traveled in the bloodstream to a point where it obstructs flow myocardium = heart muscle thrombus = a blood clot Signup and view all the answers

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systolic pressure = the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts; the first number in a blood pressure reading dermatological = a product used to treat a skin condition integumentary system = the body covering, i.e., skin, hair, and nails anions = negatively charged particles Signup and view all the answers

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cations = positively charges particles dissociation = when a compound breaks down and separates into smaller components electrolytes = substances that in solution form ions that conduct an electrical current ions = electrically charged particles Signup and view all the answers

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extracellular fluid = the fluid outside the body's individual cells found in plasma and tissue fluid interstitial fluid = tissue fluid intracellular fluid = cell fluid chyme = the semiliquid form of food as it enters the intestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

peristalsis = the waterlike motion of the intestines that move food through them anemia = a decrease in hemoglobin or red blood cells clotting factors = factors in the blood coagulation process fibrin = the fiber that serves as the structure for clot formation Signup and view all the answers

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hematopoietics = drugs used to treat anemia hemostatic drugs = drugs that prevent excessive bleeding fibrinogen = Factor 1 endocrine system = a system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

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hormones = chemicals produced by the body that regulate body functions and processes hyperthyroidism = a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal; often referred to as an overactive thyroid hypothyroidism = a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal, often referred to as an underactive thyroid corticosteroid = hormonal steroid substances produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

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diabetes mellitus = a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or is unable to use it efficiently glucagon = a hormone that helps convert amino acids to glucose insulin = a hormone that controls the body's use of glucose island (islets) of langerhans = specialized cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin Signup and view all the answers

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serum glucose = blood sugar adrogens = male sex characteristic hormones estrogens = female sex characteristic hormones that are involved in calcium and phosphorus conservation progesterone = female sex characteristic hormone involved in ovulation prevention Signup and view all the answers

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testosterone = the primary androgen gout = a painful inflammatory condition in which excess uric acid accumulates in the joints osteoarthritis = a disorder characterized by weight-bearing bone deterioration, decreasing range of motion, and causing pain and deformity rheumatoid arthritis = a disease in which the body's immune system attacks joint tissue Signup and view all the answers

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uricosuric drugs = drugs used to treat gout that increase the elimination of uric acid glaucoma = abnormally high pressure within the eye, leading to optic nerve damage and loss of vision intraocular = inside the eye mydriatics = drugs that dilate the pupil Signup and view all the answers

A drug's name that describes its structure and compounds is its ________ name

chemical Signup and view all the answers

The ____ designates nonproprietary names for drugs

USAN Signup and view all the answers

An example of a naturally occurring opiate drug is

morphine Signup and view all the answers

_______ is an example of an antiviral drug

Valtrex Signup and view all the answers

A term for a state in which cancer cells are inactive is

remission Signup and view all the answers

__________ is an example of and ACE inhibitior

Vasotec Signup and view all the answers

_______ is an example of an antihyperlipidemic drug

simvastatin Signup and view all the answers

An isotonic solution of sodium chloride

normal saline Signup and view all the answers

An example of an antiemetic is

ondansteron Signup and view all the answers

An example of a stool softener is

docusate sodium Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the main hormone that controls the body's use of glucose

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

A disorder characterized by weight-bearing bone deterioration, decreasing range of motion, pain, and deformity is

osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements is false

Ophthalmic products can never be used in the ear Signup and view all the answers

A disorder also known as manic depression

bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

An example of a sympathomimetic agent used to dilate the bronchi in asthma

albuterol Signup and view all the answers

MS Contin is an opiate analgesic used to treat severe pain. What is the generic name?

Morphine Signup and view all the answers

Antipyretic drugs are used to reduce fever. An example of an antipyretic drug is

acetaminophen Signup and view all the answers

Cocaine is credited by some sources as the first recognized local anesthetic. It is a controlled substance because of its potential for addiction. What is the DEA schedule for cocaine?

II Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about liquid clarithromycin for oral administration is true?

Liquid clarithromycin should not be refrigerated Signup and view all the answers

Loperamide is a/an

antidiarrheal Signup and view all the answers

Ranitidine is a histamine receptor antagonist that is most commonly used for

gastric acid Signup and view all the answers

Maalox contains

magnesium hydroxide Signup and view all the answers

______ is used to treat diabetes

canagliflozin Signup and view all the answers

Accidental overdose by products containing this hematological drug is the leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under the age of 6

iron Signup and view all the answers

______ is available in a tablet, cream, and aerosol

triamcinolone Signup and view all the answers

Medroxyprogesterone is a/an

progestin Signup and view all the answers

Allopurinol is used to treat

gout Signup and view all the answers

_______ is used to treat Parkinson's disease

Selegiline Signup and view all the answers

Metipranolol is used for

glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about tetracyclines is NOT true

Tetracyclines are used to treat parasitic worms in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

A patient has been prescribed Bactrim. What is an important caution for this prescription?

It is important to drink plenty of water Signup and view all the answers

An example of a diuretic that can cause hypokalemia is

furosemide Signup and view all the answers

Which class of cardiovascular agents is most often associated with the side effect of coughing

ACE inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is most likely to cause hyperkalemia

ACE inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which product should be dispensed in a glass container

Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking warfarin should carefully check all OTC products to be sure they are not inadvertently taking

aspirin Signup and view all the answers

_______ is available in a tablet, cream, lotion, and injection

Hydrocortisone Signup and view all the answers

The major cation in the fluid outside of the cells that regulates the amount of water in the body is

sodium Signup and view all the answers

The name for the cation in Klor-Con is

potassium Signup and view all the answers

Lactated Ringer's solution is

isotonic Signup and view all the answers