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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of salivary amylase in saliva?

  • Begins starch breakdown (correct)
  • Starts protein breakdown
  • Initiates fat digestion
  • Controls pH balance in the mouth
  • Which parts of a tooth are covered by enamel and cementum respectively?

  • Both crown and root covered by cementum
  • Crown covered by enamel and root by cementum (correct)
  • Crown covered by cementum and root by enamel
  • Both crown and root covered by enamel
  • Which type of papillae on the tongue is responsible for providing friction and does not contain taste buds?

  • Circumvallate
  • Fungiform
  • Foliate
  • Filiform (correct)
  • Which salivary gland is NOT one of the three major glands producing saliva?

    <p>Zygomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of teeth are primarily used for tearing food?

    <p>Canines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>Change the shape of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do the third molars, commonly known as wisdom teeth, typically appear?

    <p>17-25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the tooth contains blood vessels and nerves?

    <p>Pulp cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gastrointenstinal tract?

    <p>Digesting and absorbing foodstuffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT form part of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is primarily responsible for mixing food in the stomach?

    <p>Churning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the teeth play in digestion?

    <p>Mechanical breakdown of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily involved in water absorption?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Segmentation is an important digestive process occurring mainly in the:

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of propulsion in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Movement of food through the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory organ helps produce bile?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is associated with food transport in the esophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excretion in the gastrointestinal tract mainly involves which process?

    <p>Defecation of undigested material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major organ of digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbohydrate-rich chyme compare to fatty chyme in terms of movement through the duodenum?

    <p>Carbohydrate-rich chyme is rapidly processed while fatty chyme remains longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is the shortest?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Brunner's glands found in the duodenum?

    <p>Secreting alkaline mucus to neutralize acidic chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure significantly increases the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine?

    <p>Circular folds (plicae circulares)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the small intestine and is specialized for absorption?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the superior mesenteric artery in the small intestine?

    <p>Supplying oxygen-rich blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the intestinal crypts are responsible for producing antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Paneth cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the secretion of intestinal juice in the small intestine?

    <p>Distension or irritation of the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion primarily occurs in the small intestine through peristalsis and segmentation?

    <p>Mechanical digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the visceral peritoneum?

    <p>Covers outer surfaces of abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for suspending the small intestine?

    <p>Mesentery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes retroperitoneal organs from intraperitoneal organs?

    <p>Retroperitoneal organs are located behind the parietal peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the greater omentum?

    <p>It contains adipose tissue that can accumulate in obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do the mesentery and mesocolon serve in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>They hold organs in proper alignment and prevent twisting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary parts of the oral cavity?

    <p>Cheeks, uvula, and tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the midgut?

    <p>Superior Mesenteric Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily stimulates gastric secretions during the cephalic phase?

    <p>Sight, smell, taste, or thought of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the gastric mucosa are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pepsin in the stomach?

    <p>To break down protein chains into smaller fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of gastric regulation responds primarily to the physical presence of food in the stomach?

    <p>Gastric phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gastrin when released by G cells?

    <p>Stimulates release of gastric juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>To activate pepsinogen and unfold proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the intestinal phase, what signifies the regulation of gastric emptying?

    <p>Response to stretch and chemical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of enterogastrones?

    <p>They inhibit gastric secretions and emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

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