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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Ethics?

  • A way of making judgments about actions
  • A set of principles governing a group
  • The discipline of good/bad.
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Define Communication Ethics.

    The application of ethical thinking to situations involving human communication.

    What does Integrity mean?

    Wholeness, steadfast commitment to principles.

    What is an Ethical Dilemma?

    <p>A problem that arises when the principles of ethics go against our own personal wishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'The GAME' refer to in social situations?

    <p>A rationalization for ethical behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Aristotle?

    <p>A Greek philosopher who described virtue ethics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Virtue Ethics?

    <p>Doing good is preferable to any other course of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Teleological Ethics?

    <p>Goal-oriented ethics aimed at achieving a desired end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Rhetoric?

    <p>The art of developing effective arguments to persuade an audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'The Golden Mean' refer to?

    <p>Virtues are good qualities that occur in the middle of two extremes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Aristotle's 3 elements of persuasion?

    <p>Ethos, Logos, Pathos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Deontological Ethics.

    <p>Ethics based on universal rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Universalism?

    <p>The idea that people have ethical duties set on universal rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Categorical Imperative mean?

    <p>Act according to a maxim that can become a universal law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Immanuel Kant?

    <p>A philosopher advocating for reason and respect in moral actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Golden Rule?

    <p>Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Divine Command Theory?

    <p>The view that morality is based on God's commands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Human Nature Theory convey?

    <p>People have built-in moral intuition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Situational Ethics.

    <p>Ethics based on love for others in varying circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cultural Relativism?

    <p>Ethical standards dependent on cultural values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Discourse Ethics?

    <p>Testing ethical practices through open communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Utilitarianism?

    <p>The aim is to achieve the best outcome for the most people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Egalitarianism aim for?

    <p>To achieve the fairest outcome for all people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was John Stuart Mill?

    <p>A utilitarian philosopher focusing on happiness in ethical decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Act and Rule ethics?

    <p>Act evaluates actions case by case; Rule evaluates general rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Ethical Altruism.

    <p>Always doing the best for others, even at a cost to oneself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ethical Egoism?

    <p>Considering our own best outcomes without regard for others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Objectivism according to Ayn Rand?

    <p>No one should sacrifice their desires for others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Capitalism entail according to Adam Smith?

    <p>Pursuing personal profits benefits society through competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'state of nature' mean in Hobbes’ theory?

    <p>The strong dominate the weak in a struggle for survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Contractualism?

    <p>The idea of giving up some freedoms for societal benefit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the Social Justice view according to John Rawls.

    <p>Society should allow inequalities that benefit the disadvantaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Thomas Scanlon?

    <p>A philosopher known for the idea of reasonable obligation to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dialogical Ethics measure?

    <p>Ethical behavior through attitudes and behaviors in communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential about Ethics in relationships?

    <p>The methods of communication are more important than self-interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Martin Buber?

    <p>A philosopher emphasizing relationships as reflections of our relationship with God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'I and Thou' about?

    <p>Buber's work on types of relationships with the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Carl Rogers' Therapeutic Perspective advocate?

    <p>Unconditional Positive Regard in ethical dialogue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Emmanuel Levinas known for?

    <p>'The Other' concept in ethical dialogue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Paulo Freire?

    <p>An educator who wrote 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethics and Communication Ethics

    • Ethics involves systematic judgments regarding individuals' voluntary actions and moral principles.
    • Communication ethics applies ethical reasoning to human interactions, guiding how individuals should communicate with each other.

    Key Terms in Ethics

    • Integrity represents a steadfast commitment to moral principles and wholeness in character.
    • Ethical dilemmas occur when personal interests conflict with ethical principles.

    Philosophical Concepts

    • Aristotle's virtue ethics emphasize achieving happiness through good character and virtues, promoting balance and moral actions.
    • Teleological ethics aim at achieving a desired end, focusing on the ultimate goal of living a good life.

    Persuasion and Rhetoric

    • Rhetoric is the art of crafting effective arguments to persuade audiences, with a focus on ethical speaking that benefits the community.
    • Aristotle identified three persuasive elements: ethos (character), logos (reasoning), and pathos (emotional appeal).

    Moral Philosophies

    • Deontological ethics, rooted in duty, relies on universal moral rules.
    • Universalism asserts that ethical obligations apply universally to all individuals at all times.

    Kantian Ethics

    • Immanuel Kant emphasizes reason over religion and advocates for truthfulness, stating that trust is foundational for societal function.
    • The Golden Rule promotes reciprocity in moral actions, urging individuals to treat others as they wish to be treated.

    Sociocultural Perspectives

    • Divine command theory posits that morality derives from divine authority.
    • Human nature theory suggests inherent moral intuitions guide ethical reactions.
    • Cultural relativism views ethical standards as culturally dependent, asserting all cultures hold intrinsic moral validity.

    Ethical Approaches

    • Situational ethics prioritize love for others to determine moral decisions, given that fixed rules may not apply universally.
    • Utilitarianism seeks the greatest good for the majority, while egalitarianism aims for fairness across all demographics.

    Contributions from Thinkers

    • John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism evaluates actions based on the happiness they produce.
    • Ethical altruism emphasizes prioritizing others' needs above one's own, contrasting with ethical egoism, which considers personal outcomes preferentially.
    • Ayn Rand's objectivism denies the need for self-sacrifice for the weak, promoting individualism.

    Social Theory

    • Thomas Hobbes' state of nature concept reflects a survivalist view where strength dictates dominance.
    • John Locke's contractualism focuses on collective society benefits arising from individuals sacrificing certain freedoms.

    Social Justice and Ethics

    • John Rawls introduced the veil of ignorance as a framework for fairness in rule-making, suggesting societal rules should be chosen without bias toward one’s own position.
    • Dialogical ethics urge open-minded communication, where individuals set aside selfish interests to understand differing perspectives.

    Interpersonal Relationships

    • Martin Buber categorized relationships into I-Thou (deep, meaningful connections) and I-It (objectifying others), illustrating different relational approaches.
    • Carl Rogers highlighted ethical dialogue's essence as providing unconditional positive regard, focusing on empathy and active listening.

    Educators and Philosophical Insights

    • Emmanuel Levinas emphasized ethical relations based on recognizing "the Other" without power dynamics.
    • Paulo Freire's work champions education as a relational practice that fosters understanding and growth among individuals.

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