Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

Increased appetite

Weight loss

Elevated heart rate

Low energy (correct)

Which medication is used to manage hypothyroidism?

Pasireotide

Levothyroxine (correct)

Octreotide

Bromocriptine

What complication can arise from untreated hypothyroidism?

Myxedema coma (correct)

Hypoglycemia

Thyroid storm

Exophthalmos

What is a nursing action for a patient who has undergone hypophysectomy?

Monitor vision changes Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to increased levels of T3 and T4?

Too much TSH Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for hyperthyroidism?

Women aged 20-40 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cue for hyperthyroidism?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is critical post-thyroidectomy?

Assess every 1-2 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is an important cue of hypothyroidism?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hypopituitarism?

Benign Tumor-Pituitary adenoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of decreased ACTH levels in the body?

Decreased glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with excessive growth hormone (GH)?

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of decreased GH levels?

Increased risk of fractures Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily affected by TSH levels?

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common complication of hyperthyroidism?

Thyroid storm Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory value is typically increased in hyperthyroidism?

T3 Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential for managing a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

Monitor ionized calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical cue for a patient experiencing hypoparathyroidism?

Severe muscle cramps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key symptom of diabetes type 2?

Polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is often prescribed for managing hyperparathyroidism?

Phosphate supplementation Signup and view all the answers

What class of medication is commonly used to manage symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary adjustment should be made for a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

High calcium diet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for diabetes type 2?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is critical for monitoring a patient with diabetes-related conditions?

Regular glucose monitoring Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Negative Feedback Concept-Inhibit and Release

Pituitary disorders are categorized by underproduction (hypopituitarism) or overproduction (hyperpituitarism) of hormones released by the pituitary gland.
Hypopituitarism occurs when the anterior pituitary gland underproduces hormones. Factors include benign tumors (adenomas), strokes, postpartum hemorrhages, head trauma, and more.
Hyperpituitarism, involves the anterior pituitary gland producing excess hormones. Hypersecreting tumors, genetic associations, and more are causes.
Hormones like ACTH, GH, and TSH have specific functions and target organs. Their absence or excess will result in specific conditions. For example, decreased ACTH leads to decreased glucocorticoids, impacting glucose levels and stress response.

Pituitary Disorders - Treatments

Hydrocortisone or prednisone are used to treat insufficient glucocorticoids.
Synthroid is used for treatment of decreased T3 and T4 and related issues.
Somatropin (Genotropin) and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake treat issues related to insufficient growth hormone.

Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism (Myxedema/Myxedema coma) - Conditions like Hashimoto's autoimmune disease, post-hyperthyroidism surgery, or iodine deficiency can cause it.
Myxedema is characterized by slower metabolism, weight gain, increased sleep, intolerance to cold, and more.
Myxedema coma is a serious complication of severe hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) - Often the result of Graves' disease (autoimmune).

Thyroid Treatments/Management

Levothyroxine (Synthroid), used in low doses and gradually increased to treat hypothyroidism.
Medications such as PTU or Methimazole are used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism

Hypophysectomy (Pituitary Surgery)

Nursing actions focus on monitoring vital signs, fluid balance, and potentially for CSF leaks. Management includes frequent assessments, medication monitoring, and education regarding potential complications like increased ICP, meningitis, and diabetes insipidus.

Hyperparathyroidism/Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism - often related to tumors, with symptoms like elevated calcium levels impacting numerous systems.
Hypoparathyroidism - typically from surgery and has opposite effects; low calcium levels and resultant symptoms.

Diabetes Type 1/2

Type 1 and 2 diabetes have distinct risk factors, and management.
Type 1 - often autoimmune, and requiring insulin treatment. Key risk factors are familial and environmental influences (viral infections).
Type 2 - frequently linked to lifestyle factors, such as obesity and sedentary behaviors. Genetic tendencies also play a role.