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Questions and Answers

What does the nervous system control and coordinate?

The nervous system controls and coordinates all the body functions.

What does the nervous system monitor?

The nervous system monitors internal and external stimuli such as touch, smell, sound, blood pressure, and body position.

What is the role of the nervous system in maintaining homeostasis?

The nervous system is very important in helping to maintain the homeostasis (balance) of the human body.

What do sensory receptors work with to provide information about changes in the internal and external environments?

<p>The nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic building block of the nervous system?

<p>A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between neurons and other cells?

<p>Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neuroglia?

<p>The Neuroglia are a group of supportive cells for the neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do neuroglia maintain?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are neuroglia located?

<p>Neuroglia are located within the CNS and PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major parts of the nervous system?

<p>Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>Central Nervous System is the central processing unit of the nervous system of our body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the CNS composed of?

<p>Brain and the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the CNS?

<p>Storing, comprehending and executing information in our body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can damage to the CNS lead to?

<p>Can lead to global damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

<p>Peripheral nervous system is the connection line between the central nervous system and the overall body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the PNS consist of?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main divisions of the PNS?

<p>Somatic and autonomic nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protects the CNS?

<p>Skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

<p>The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central nervous system responsible for?

<p>The central nervous system is responsible for integrating and coordinating the activities of the entire body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physical structures in the CNS allow us to experience thought, emotion, and sensation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Body movements are coordinated by the CNS.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the brain made up of?

<p>The brain is an organ that's made up of a large mass of nerve tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the brain protected?

<p>The brain is protected within the skull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the brain?

<p>The brain plays a role in just about every major body system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the main functions of the brain?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of the brain based on position?

<p>Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the midbrain?

<p>The midbrain is a portion of the brainstem, positioned above the pons, at the very top of the brainstem, directly underneath the cerebellum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The midbrain is considered one of the most important components of the CNS.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are neuronal transmissions relayed to and/or from the brain?

<p>Neuronal transmissions that pass through the body, throughout the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS are relayed must at some point – to and/or from the brain – pass through the midbrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

<p>The peripheral nervous system consists of all neurons that exist outside the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral nervous system includes long nerve fibers and ganglia.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the peripheral nervous system connect?

<p>The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system (CNS) to various parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

<p>The somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system (CNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major types of neurons in the somatic nervous system?

<p>The somatic nervous system contains two major types of neurons: sensory neurons and motor neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sensory neurons?

<p>Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are responsible for carrying information from the body to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the autonomic nervous system located?

<p>Autonomic nervous system lies almost entirely outside of the central nervous system and involves two main parts: the craniosacral part (parasympathetic), and the thoracolumbar part (sympathetic).</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are considered opposite to each other.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the parasympathetic nervous system associated with?

<p>The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with relaxation, digestion, and generally taking it easy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?

<p>The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the &quot;fight or flight&quot; response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to the body?

<p>Sympathetic prepares the body for emergency situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?

<p>The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for emergency situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It is one of the main parts of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body's &quot;fight or flight&quot; responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>It is responsible for producing rapid and total mobilization to avoid danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Coordinated Functions of the Nervous, Endocrine, and Reproductive Systems

  • The nervous system controls and coordinates all body functions, monitors internal and external stimuli (touch, smell, sound, blood pressure, body position).
  • The nervous system is vital for maintaining homeostasis in the human body.
  • Sensory receptors work with the nervous system to provide information on internal and external environmental changes.
  • A neuron is the basic building block of the nervous system, similar to other body cells but specialized in transmitting information.
  • Neuroglia are supportive cells of neurons, maintaining myelin sheath, providing nutrient support, and retaining homeostasis.

The Nervous System

  • The nervous system has two major divisions:
    • Central Nervous System (CNS): The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing, comprehending and executing information. Damage can cause global damage.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects the CNS to the rest of the body, transmitting information from the body to the CNS and vice-versa. Damage often is localized.

The Cell of the Nervous System

  • The basic unit is a neuron.
  • Parts include dendrites (receive messages from other cells), axon (passes messages away from the cell body), myelin sheath (insulates the axon), neural impulse (electrical signal), and terminal branches of axon (form junctions with other cells).

Neuroglia

  • Neuroglia are supportive cells for neurons.
  • Types include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, satellite cells, and Schwann cells.

Parts of the Nervous System

  • Parts of the CNS: brain and spinal cord.
  • Protected by skull and vertebral column.
  • The brain processes sensory information, regulates blood pressure and breathing, and releases hormones.
  • The brain is divided into forebrain (front), midbrain (middle), and hindbrain (back), and into four lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital).

The Peripheral Nervous System

  • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of nerves and ganglia, including cranial and spinal nerves.
  • The PNS connects the CNS to various parts of the body.
  • Sensory and motor cranial nerves function in different ways, each with specific tasks.
  • Sensory and motor nerves from the spinal cord also have defined categories and functions by location in the spinal cord.

Two Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • Somatic Nervous System (SNS):
    • Controls voluntary muscle movements
    • Composed of cranial and spinal nerves
    • Uses neurotransmitters
    • Acts on skeletal muscles
    • Needs one neuron for signal transmission
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
    • Controls involuntary functions
    • Includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
    • Acts on smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
    • Needs two neurons for signal transmission

The Somatic Nervous System

  • Carries sensory and motor information to and from the CNS.
    • Sensory neurons carry information from the body to the CNS.
    • Motor neurons carry information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles.

The Autonomic Nervous System

  • Lies mostly outside the CNS.
  • Contains craniosacral (parasympathetic) and thoracolumbar (sympathetic) parts.
  • Maintains balance within the body
    • Parasympathetic (rest and digest).
    • Sympathetic ("fight or flight").

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