Review tissues

Which of the following tissues covers and lines ?

Which of the following tissues enables movement

Which of the following tissues provides support?

Which of the following tissues controls work

What are epithelia that engage in the manufacture and release of substances called ?

Epithelial cells have a sense of direction relative to surrounding structures, what does this mean ?

Which surface of the epithelial cell faces the lumen or body cavity?

Which surface of the epithelial cell faces the underlying connective tissue

What connects the lateral surfaces of epithelial cells to the neighboring cells?

Epithelial cells lack blood vessels and capillaries and rely on underlying connective tissue to provide oxygen and nutrients. What does this classify them as?

Although some epithelia lack nerves, such as those in the stomach, intestines and cervix, most of them provide valuable sensory input. This means that most epithelial cells are ______________

Which type of major cellular junction is formed by the fusion of the outermost layers of the plasma membranes of adjoining cells?

With which type of major cellular junction is the matrix-filled space between cells lost?

Which type of major cellular junction is found in tissues in which there can be no leaks? Like the urinary bladder or the digestive tract

Which type of major cellular junction is a strong, welded plaque or thickening that connects the plasma membranes of adjacent cells?

Which type of major cellular junction is most commonly found in tissues that undergo repeated episodes of tension and stretching, such as the skin, heart and uterus

Cells that are connected by this junction are linked by tubular channel proteins called connexons (which extend from the cytoplasm of the other). These transmembrane proteins allow the exchange and passage of ions and nutrients, such as nucleotides, sugars and amino acids from one cell to the other. Which is the corresponding cellular junction?

Which type of major cellular junction is most commonly found in the intestinal epithelial cells, the heart, and smooth muscle tissue?

What is the name of the nonliving meshwork of fibers that cements the epithelial cell to the underlying connective tissue? (provides strength and elasticity to help prevent cell from being torn off by intraluminal pressures such as stretching or erosion)

What is the surface of the cell covered with microvilli called ?

Which epithelial surface specialization usually occurs on cells that are involved in absorption or secretion, such as the intestinal and urinary tracts?

Which epithelial surface specialization is found on the free surface of cells, such as the respiratory and urogenital tracts?

Epithelial cells of the skin become filled with a protective, waterproof substance. What is this substance called?

What is a tissue classified as if there is only a single layer of epithelial cells?

What is a tissue classified as when there is more than one layer of cells

Which type of epithelia provides little protection to the underlying connective tissue and therefore are found in protected areas of the body such as internal compartments, ducts, vessels and passageways?

Which type of epithelia is thick and strong and found in areas of the body that are subjected to mechanical and chemical stress?

Which type of epithelium is delicate and thin and is often found lining surfaces involved in the passage of either gas or liquid (Ex. inner lining of lungs, and filtratin membranes in the kidney)

Which epithelium lines blood and lymphatic vessels

Which type of epithelium lines vessels

Which of the following types of epithelium allows for diffusion, filtration, secretion and absorption ?

Which of the following types of epithelia functions in absorption and secretion and in transporting secretions/particles?

Which of the following types of epithelia functions in secretion, absorption and protection of underlying tissues?

Which of the following types of epithelia lines mucous membranes in the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and prepuce?

Which of the following types of epithelia functions only in secretion and protection

Which of the following types of epithelia lines exocrine glands and biliary ducts, bronchioles[ciliated], some renal tubular cells[microvilli], and follicles in thyroid gland?

Which of the following types of epithelia lines stomach, gallbladder (secretion), and intestines (secretion (goblet cells) and absorption)

Which of the following types of epithelia lines excretory ducts of some glands and lines (ciliated) uterine tubes and small bronchi?

Which of the following types of epithelia provides a protective function in areas prone to abrasion

Which of the following types of epithelia is usually only 2 layers and lines excretory ducts like salivary glands, sweat and mammary glands ?

Which of the following types of epithelia is rare, lines large ducts of mammary gland, select parts of respiratory and digestive tracts, small portion of urethra of some male animals and the basal layer is cuboidal?

Which of the following types of epithelia has a surface layer of mucus that functions to trap particles that cilia sweep away ?

Which of the following types of epithelia has nuclei at different levels and not all cells reach the luminal surface

Which of the following types of epithelia is usually ciliated and lines the nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and parts of the male reproductive system

Which of the following types of epithelia is stratified w/ cuboidal or columnar basal layer; the superficial layer is cuboidal or squamous depending on the degree of distension/contraction?

Which of the following types of epithelia is found in the renal calyxes, ureters, bladder, and urethra?

Stratified squamous epithelium consists of various layers, the young cuboidal cells mature and are progressively pushed to the surface, lose their cytoplasm and nuclei, take on a squamous shape, and eventually become paper-like sheets that slough

Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of various layers, the young cuboidal cells mature and are progressively pushed to the surface, lose their cytoplasm and nuclei, take on a squamous shape, and eventually become paper-like sheets that slough

Which of the following is considered the basal lamina and is made up of a meshwork of fibers connecting the epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue?

What are specialized protein molecules that are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, packaged into granules by the golgi apparatus, and discharged from the cell?

Which of the following class of glands has ducts

Which of the following glands secrete via ducts locally and not into circulation

which type of gland has no ducts or tubules and secretes regulatory chemicals (hormones) into circulation where they are distributed throughout the body?

Which type of gland act locally and do not normally enter the circulation?

What is the goblet cell an example of?

Which of the following is a modified columnar epithelial cell [endocrine gland]

Which of the following is found among columnar cells of the respiratory and GI tracts and in the conjunctiva of the eye?

Which of the following protects cell surfaces; traps microbes and particles ?

Which of the following aids in discharge of secretion into duct

Most exocrine glands are

In some exocrine glands the secretory unit is surrounded by contractile cells that assist with the discharge of secretions into the glandular duct. What is the name for these contractile cells?

Secretions are produced by secretory cells in the secretory unit and a duct carries the secretion to the deposition site

Secretions are produced by secretory cells in the secretory duct and the secretory unit carries the secretion to the deposition site

If the secretory cell forms a long channel of even width, what is the gland called

If the secretory unit forms a rounded sac, what is the gland called

The majority of glands package their secretions into glanular units and release them via exocytosis as they are manufactured. What are these glands called?

Which of the following glands contain secretory cells that remain intact during the secretory process (pancreas, sweat glands, salivary glands)

Secretion through this gland involves the loss of the top part of the cell called the apex of the secretory cell. Which gland is it ?

Which of the following glands are represented by some sweat glands and can be found in mammary tissue?

Which gland stores granules in the secretory cells until they are needed, then the entire secretory cell is destroyed in the act of releasing its secretory product. (The degeneration of the cell allows the release of the granules and secretions occur principally in the sebaceous glands)

Which type of secretion is watery and contains a high concentration of enzymes ?

Which of the following secretions are thick, viscous, and composed of glycoproteins

Which type of secretions are common in the digestive and respiratory tracts

Is connective tissue vascular or avascular

Which of the following pevents hypercalcemia?

Which of the following prevents hypocalcemia

Except for articular and joint surfaces, bones are covered by a membrane. The outer layer is composed of fibrous tissue and its inner layer contains bone forming cells (osteoblasts). What is the name for this membrane ?

Which of the following lines the interior surfaces of bones and also contains osteoblasts?

The inner layer of the periosteum contains a bone forming layer which contains a specific type of cell that enables bones to increase in diameter and aids in healing of fractures. What is the name of these cells?

Most of the bone supply to bones comes from countless tiny blood vessels that penetrate in from the periosteum. The vessels pass through tiny channels in the bone matrix. What are these channels called?

Large blood vessels, along with lymph vessels and nerves enter many large bones [especially long bones] through large channels. What are these channels called?

Bone is formed in the body by one of two mechanisms. What is the name for the mechanism in which the bone grows into and replaces a cartilage model?

Bone is formed in the body by one of two mechanisms. What is the name for the mechanism in which the bone develops from fibrous tissue membranes ?

Most bones in the body develop by one of the two types of bone formations. Which is it ?

What is the name for the shaft of a long bone (where bone begins development)

Cartilage is removed gradually as bone is created and additional growth centers called secondary growth plates develops in the ends of the bone. What are the ends of the bone called?

Just two areas of a long bone remain as cartilage when an animal is born, these two are located between the shaft of the bone and the ends of the bone. What is the name for this structure

Where does intramembranous bone formation occur?

Which of the following types of bone marrow is more commonly found in young animals

Which of the following types of bone marrow is more abundant in adult animals

[Joint surfaces] Which of the following corresponds to the smooth areas of compact bone where bones come into contact with each other to form joints?

Which of the following bone features is usually a large round articular surface?

Which of the following bone features is a somewhat spherical articular on the proximal end of a long bone? They are found on the proximal end of the humerus, femur and ribs.

Which of the following bone features is a flat articular surface? The joint movements between two of them is a kind of rocking motion and are found on many bones such as carpal and tarsal bones, vertebrae and long bones such as the radius and the ulna.

What type of bone process is found on a vertebrae

Which of the following processes is found on the femur

Which of the following processes is found on the humerus

Which of the following processes is found on the uschium

Which of the following processes is found on the scapula

Which of the following processes is found in the tibia

Which of the following processes can be found on the atlas

Which of the following bone features is a hole in a bone?

Which of the following bone features is a depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone ?

All the bones of the axial skeleton lie on or near the median plane of the body. Which of the following makes up the axial skeleton

List the external bones of the cranium rostral to caudal

Which of the following bones is the most caudal skull bone, where the spinal cord exits the skull and is the skull bone that forms a joint with the first cervical vertebrae ?

Which of the following is the foramen found at the center of the occipital bone

Which of the following is the first cervical vertebrae

List the bones of the face rostral to caudal

Which of the following are the internal bones of the face?

What are the bodies of adjacent vertebrae separated by?

Identify the vertebral formula for dogs

Identify the vertebral for a cat

(Cats and dogs) Which of the following is the anticlinal vertebrae, [spinous process projects straight up]

Bones that form the antebrachium

What is the proximal phalanx of the horse called?

What is the middle phalanx of the horse called?

What is the distal phalanx of the horse called?

Which of the following directly connects the pelvic limb to the axial skeleton

Which of the following types of joints are immovable and securely united together

Which of the following types of joints are only slightly moveable (examples include the intervertebral joints (containing the discs) between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae in the spine and the symphysis between the two halves of the pelvis and between the two sides of the mandible in some animals)

Which of the following types of joint is freely moveable and include the shoulder and stifle joint ?

Which of the following joint characteristics corresponds to bone surfaces that rub together within the joints?

Which of the following joint characteristics corresponds to the thin smooth layer of hyaline cartilage lying on top of the articular surface which aids in movement and reduces friction ?

Which of the following joint characteristics corresponds to the fluid filled space between joint surfaces that is enclosed by a fibrous capsule? [inner layer of joint capsule is called the synovial membrane]

Which of the following joint characteristics corresponds to bands of fibrous connective tissue that is found in and around some synovial joints? [ they also join together to stabilize joints and join bones to bones]

Fibroblasts of the synovial membrane produces something that is secreted into the synovial fluid which aids in the protection and nourishment of the articular cartilage and lubricates the joint aiding in reduction of friction. What is this substance called

Which of the following synovial joint movements decreases the angle between two bones

Which of the following synovial joint movements increases the angle between two bones

Which of the following synovial joint movements brings the limb toward the median plane

Which of the following synovial joint movements pulls the limb away from the median plane

Which of the following synovial joint movements is the twisting on a parts axis (pronation and supination)

Which of the following synovial joint movements is the movement in a circle (of the distal end of an extremity)

Which of the following types of synovial joints corresponds to the atlantooccipital and elbow joints

Which of the following types of synovial joints corresponds to the carpus

Which of the following types of joints corresponds to the C1 and C2 atlantoaxial joint

Which of the following types of synovial joints corresponds to the shoulder and coxofemoral joints

Which of the following is made up of amorphous, homogenous material (ex. glycosaminoglycans)

Which of the following types of fiber appears white and provides tensile strength enabling them to resist pulling forces?

Which of the following types of fiber is thin, delicate and branches into complicated networks that serve as a support network for highly cellular organs [endocrine glands, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, blood vessels and more]

Which of the following types of fiber appears yellow and are coiled which allows for stretching and contraction? [found in the vocal cords, lungs skin, and walls of blood vessels]

Which of the following types of cells produces and maintains extracellular matrix

Which of the major types of cells move in and out as needed and are involved in the repair and protection of the tissues

Which of the following types of fixed cells secrete collagen and ground substance

Are adipocytes fixed or wandering cells?

Which type of fixed cell is involved in the production or reticular fibers and in the immune response {also found in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow)

Which of the following transient/wandering cells moves into tissues via diapedesis in response to infection [produce antibodies and phagotize microbes]

Which of the two granules contained within mast cells increases blood flow to an area by making the capillaries leaky?

Which of the two granules contained within mast cells prevents blood from clotting and ensures the pathways for increased blood flow remain open?

Which of the following transient cells release histamine and heparin which initiates an imflammatory response

Which of the following transient/wandering cells allows for phagocytosis and lysosomal digestion of microbes and cellular debris [this type of cell can also be fixed]

What type of loose connective tissue [proper] is the most common type of connective tissue and acts generally as packing material to support and cushion organs and other delicate structures of the body? [it is mostly made up of fibroblasts and hyaluronic acid]

What type of loose connective tissue [proper] serves as an energy source, a shock absorber and thermal insulator that is highly vascularized [a type of areolar tissue in which adipocytes predominate]]

What type of loose connective tissue [proper] resembles areolar connective tissue and contains many fibroblasts, only has one type of fiber, forms a network called the stroma, which constitutes the framework of several organs (spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow)

Which type of dense fibrous connective tissue [proper] is tightly packed with parallel collagen fibers that provide tensile strength in one direction? They are white, avascular and slow to heal (tendons, ligaments, fascia)

What type of dense fibrous connective tissue [proper] has thicker collagen fiber bundles arranged randomly for strength in many directions (can be found in the dermis, and joint and organ capsules

What type of dense fibrous connective tissue [proper] is made up of elastic fibers or is interwoven with fibroblasts and collagen (includes ligaments, IV discs, vessel walls, stomach, bronchi, bladder and heart)

What type of specialized connective tissue is made up of chondrocytes and contains a firm gel containing two types of glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid) and an adhesion protein called chondronectin? It also gets nutrients from the perichondrium because it is avascular

Which type of cartilage is most common, most rigid, articular and can be found in the trachea and costochondral junctions

Which type of cartilage is most flexible and found in the epiglottis and pinnae

Which type of cartilage does not have the perichondrium, can be found in hyaline cartilage and DCT as well as IV discs, pelvis, and knee joint

What type of specialized connective tissue osteoblasts, osteoclasts, collagen and calcium salts, is vascularized, supports and protects and serves as a calcium reserve

What type of specialized connective tissue is made up of cells proteins and plasma

Which of the following membranes lines organs having connections to the outside environment (digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts)

The epithelial layer in mucous membranes is usually composed of either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium and it covers a layer of loose connective tissue. What is this layer of loose connective tissue called?

The submucosa is a connective tissue layer under the lamina propria that connects the mucosa to the underlying structures

The submucosa is a connective tissue layer above the lamina propria that connects the mucosa to the underlying structures

Which of the following membranes lines body cavity walls (parietal layer) and cover outer surfaces of organs (visceral layers)

Which of the following membranes is composed of a continuous sheet doubled to form two layers with a potential space ?

Which of the following membranes produces transudate

Which type of membrane is composed entirely of loose connective tissue and adipose covered by a layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts ?