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Questions and Answers
What does the 'in' operator do in Python?
In Python, what does the 'not in' operator do?
What result will the expression '2 in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]' give in Python?
What is the purpose of the 'is' operator in Python?
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When does the 'is not' operator evaluate to True in Python?
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What does the expression '10 not in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]' return in Python?
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Which operator in Python returns true if id(x) equals id(y)?
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'x is y' evaluates to what result when x and y point to different objects?
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Study Notes
Python Operators Overview
- Exponentiation (**) raises a number to the power of another number.
- Complement (~) flips the bits of the operand, effective for binary operations.
- Arithmetic operators include multiplication (*), division (/), modulo (%), and floor division (//).
- Addition (+) and subtraction (-) operate on numeric values to find the total or difference.
- Comparison operators (>, <, >=, <=) evaluate relationships between two expressions.
- Equality operators include equals (==) and not equals (!=), checking for the same value.
- Assignment operators assign values to variables with options for combined operations (e.g., +=, -=).
- Identity operators (is, is not) check whether two variables point to the same object in memory.
- Membership operators (in, not in) verify if a value exists within a sequence like a list or string.
- Logical operators (and, or, not) evaluate boolean conditions to return true or false.
Python Input and Output (I/O)
- User input can be gathered through standard input, mouse, touch screen, or files.
- The built-in function
input()reads user input as strings for variable assignment. - The program pauses until input is provided, lacking a timeout feature.
- Entering EOF (Ctrl-D in Unix, Ctrl-Z in Windows) raises an EOF Error, terminating the program.
Using the input() Function
- The syntax is
input(prompt), wherepromptserves as a message displayed to the user. - It's essential to give clear information in the prompt for user guidance.
- User type verification uses the
type()function to check the type of the entered value. - Strings maintain their type when entered; however, explicit conversion (e.g., using
int()) is required for integers.
Converting Input Types
- To get an integer from user input, use the conversion function after the
input(). - A float can also be directly captured using
float(input())for decimal numbers.
Python Logical Operators
- AND: Returns true if both operands are true.
- OR: Returns true if at least one operand is true.
- NOT: Reverses the boolean state of its operand.
Python Bitwise Operators
- Use & for bitwise AND, | for bitwise OR, and ^ for bitwise XOR.
- ~ operator computes the bitwise complement.
- Comparisons of integer values yield results based on binary representation, such as (a = 60) and (b = 13).
- Operations produce values demonstrating bit-level manipulation, e.g., c = a & b results in the binary AND of both numbers.
Summary of Example Calculations
- Calculating
e = (a + b) * c / dgivesValue of (a + b) * c / d is 90.0. - Bitwise operations can yield results like
c = a & bandc = a | b, producing unique binary integers.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on the type of user-entered values when using the input function in Python. It involves understanding how input values are converted to strings and assigned to variables, along with confirming the type using the type() function.
