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Questions and Answers
Python tilida blok darajasidagi tuzilmani aniqlash uchun qanday usul ishlatiladi?
Python obyektlarida attribute va methodlarni qanday aniqlash mumkin?
Necha ota klassdan meros olgan bolalar klassi qanday deyiladi?
Dekorator funksiyalari qanday sintaksis yordamida amalga oshiriladi?
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Tartiblangan, o'zgarmas to'plam uchun qanday konstruktsiya ishlatiladi?
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Bir necha elementlarni saqlash uchun qanday konstruktsiya ishlatiladi?
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Study Notes
Syntax
- Indentation: Python uses indentation (spaces or tabs) to define block-level structure.
-
Comments: Comments start with
#and extend to the end of the line. -
Print function:
print()is a function in Python, unlike in Python 2 where it was a statement.
Objects
- Everything is an object: In Python, every value is an object, including numbers, strings, and functions.
- Attributes and Methods: Objects have attributes (data) and methods (functions).
- Dynamic typing: Python is dynamically typed, which means the data type of a variable is determined at runtime.
Inheritance
- Single Inheritance: A child class inherits from a single parent class.
- Multiple Inheritance: A child class can inherit from multiple parent classes.
- Method overriding: A child class can override methods from its parent class.
Decorators
- Function wrappers: Decorators are special types of functions that wrap around other functions.
-
Syntax:
@decorator_nameis used to apply a decorator to a function. - Use cases: Decorators are used for logging, authentication, and caching, among other things.
Data Structures
-
Lists: Ordered collections of items, denoted by
[]. -
Tuples: Ordered, immutable collections of items, denoted by
(). -
Dictionaries: Unordered collections of key-value pairs, denoted by
{}. -
Sets: Unordered collections of unique items, denoted by
set()or{}.
Sintaksis
- Indentatsiya: Python bukilishi (bo'shliqlar yoki belgilar) blok-darajali tuzilmani aniqlash uchun ishlatadi.
-
Izohlar: Izohlar
#belgisidan boshlanadi va qatorning oxirigacha davom etadi. -
Print funktsiyasi: Python 2 dagi bayonotdan farqli o'laroq,
print()Python da funktsiyadir.
Ob'ekt
- Hamma narsa ob'ekt: Python da har qanday qiymat ob'ekt hisoblanadi, jumladan sonlar, satrlar va funktsiyalar.
- Atributlar va metamlar: Ob'ektlarda atributlar (ma'lumotlar) va metamlar (funktsiyalar) mavjud.
- Dinamik turlanish: Python dinamik turlanishga ega, bu esa o'zgaruvchi turi.runtime da aniqlanishini anglatadi.
Merosxo'rlik
- Yagona merosxo'rlik: Bolalar klassi yagona ota-ona klassidan merosxo'rlik qiladi.
- Ko'p merosxo'rlik: Bolalar klassi ko'p ota-ona klassidan merosxo'rlik qilishi mumkin.
- Metod uzatish: Bolalar klassi ota-ona klassidan metodlarni uzatishi mumkin.
Dekoratorlar
- Funktsiya qoplari: Dekoratorlar boshqa funktsiyalarni o'rab oluvchi maxsus funktsiyalardir.
-
Sintaksis:
@dekorator_nomifunktsiyaga dekorator uyg'otish uchun ishlatiladi. - Foydalanish sohalari: Dekoratorlar loglash, autentifikatsiya va keshlash kabi vazifalarda qo'llaniladi.
Ma'lumot tuzilmalari
-
Ro'yxatlar: Tartiblangan buyumlar to'plami,
[]bilan ifodalanadi. -
Tupasa: Tartiblangan, o'zgarmas buyumlar to'plami,
()bilan ifodalanadi. -
Lug'atlar: Tartibsiz kalit-qiymat juftliklar to'plami,
{}bilan ifodalanadi. -
To'plamlar: Tartibsiz yagona buyumlar to'plami,
set()yoki{}bilan ifodalanadi.
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Description
O'zbekcha: Python dasturlash asoslari, sintaksis, obyektlar va metodlari haqida savollar.
