Python Programming Basics
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Questions and Answers

What will the replace() method do when called on a string?

  • Return a new string with the replacements. (correct)
  • Modify the original string directly.
  • Return an index of the first occurrence of the substring.
  • Return the original string unchanged.

    • What does the find() method return if the substring is not found in the string?

  • 0
  • None
  • -1 (correct)
  • The length of the string

    • How does the in operator behave when used with strings?

  • Always returns `False`.
  • Checks if a substring exists within another string. (correct)
  • Replaces the substring with a new string.
  • Returns the index of the substring within the string.

    • What will the result of the expression $10 + 5 * 2$ be in Python?

    <p>20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about strings in Python is correct?

    <p>Strings are sequences of characters that are immutable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is identified as the number one choice for machine learning and data science projects?

    <p>Python (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be selected during the installation of Python to ensure proper functionality in the command line?

    <p>Select 'Add Python to PATH' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data is returned by the input() function in Python?

    <p>String (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function would you use to convert a string representation of a number into its integer form?

    <p>int() (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the replace() method do when used on a string in Python?

    <p>Replaces a substring with another substring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you declare a variable in Python?

    <p>By using the equals sign (=) to assign a value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the upper() method do to a string in Python?

    <p>Convert the string to uppercase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would you use to find the first occurrence of a character in a string?

    <p>find() (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Strings in Python

    Strings are sequences of characters in Python.

    String immutability

    Strings cannot be changed in place; they are immutable.

    replace() method

    The replace() method returns a new string without modifying the original.

    find() method

    The find() method returns the index of the first occurrence of a substring.

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    in operator

    The in operator checks if a substring is contained in a string, returning True or False.

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    Python

    A multi-purpose programming language for various applications.

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    Django

    A web framework for Python that simplifies web development.

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    Installation

    The process of setting up Python on a computer.

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    Variables

    Containers for storing data values in Python.

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    Input function

    input() allows users to enter data in terminal.

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    Type conversion

    Changing data from one type to another, e.g., int(), float(), str().

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    String methods

    Built-in functions related to string manipulation in Python.

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    Basic calculator

    A simple program to add two numbers inputted by the user.

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    Study Notes

    Using Python

    • Python is a multi-purpose programming language used for web development, automation, data science, machine learning, and AI projects.
    • Python is the number one language for machine learning and data science projects.
    • Popular websites built with Python and the Django framework include YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Dropbox, and Pinterest.

    Installation

    • Download the latest version of Python from python.org/downloads.
    • Install Python and ensure the "Add Python to PATH" checkbox is selected.
    • Download and install the free and open-source PyCharm Community Edition from jetbrains.com/pycharm.

    Basic Python Concepts

    • Create a new Python project in PyCharm.
    • Create a new Python file by right-clicking on the project name and selecting "New >> Python File."
    • Use the print() function to display text in the terminal window.
    • Strings are textual data and should be enclosed in single or double quotes.
    • Variables are used to store data in a computer's memory.
    • Declare a variable by assigning a value to a variable name using the equals sign (=).
    • Python is case-sensitive, so False (with a lowercase f) is a different value than False (with a capital F)
    • Variables can be assigned different data types like integers, floats, strings, and boolean values.

    Working with User Input

    • The input() function allows users to enter data in the terminal window.
    • The input() function always returns the value entered by the user as a string.
    • Use the int() function to convert a string to an integer.
    • Use the float() function to convert a string to a floating-point number.
    • Use the str() function to convert a value to a string.
    • Use string concatenation (the + operator) to combine strings.

    Basic Calculator Exercise

    • Create a basic calculator program that takes two numbers as input from the user and calculates their sum.
    • Use the float() function to convert the user input to decimal numbers.
    • Convert the calculated sum to a string using the str() function before concatenating it with other text.

    Understanding String Methods

    • String objects in Python have several built-in methods.
    • Methods are functions that belong to a specific object.
    • The upper() method converts a string to uppercase.
    • The lower() method converts a string to lowercase.
    • The find() method returns the index of the first occurrence of a character or substring in a string.
    • Use the replace() method to replace one substring within a string with another substring.
    • Methods do not change the original string; they return new strings.
    • Remember that Python is case-sensitive, so using uppercase or lowercase characters in your code can result in different outcomes.

    Python Strings

    • Strings are sequences of characters.
    • The replace() method returns a new string; it does not modify the original string.
    • Strings are immutable; they cannot be changed in place.
    • The find() method returns the index of the first occurrence of a substring.
    • The in operator returns True if a string contains a substring, and False otherwise.

    Arithmetic Operations

    • Python uses standard mathematical arithmetic operators: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), // (floor division), % (modulus), ** (exponent).
    • Operator precedence determines the order of operations. Parentheses can be used to override precedence.
    • Augmented assignment operators combine assignment and an arithmetic operation for concise code.

    Boolean Expressions

    • Use comparison operators to compare values: > (greater than), >= (greater than or equal to), < (less than), <= (less than or equal to), == (equality), != (not equal to).
    • Comparison operators return a boolean value: True or False.
    • Logical operators combine boolean expressions to build complex conditions: and, or, not.

    If Statements

    • If statements execute a block of code if a condition is True.
    • Use an else if statement (often shortened to elif) to provide an alternate condition.
    • Use an else statement to execute code if none of the previous conditions are True.
    • Blocks of code in Python are determined by indentation.

    While Loops

    • While loops repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a condition is True.
    • It's important to increment or change the loop variable within the loop to avoid infinite loops.
    • Loops are useful for performing repetitive tasks.

    Using Multiplication Operator on Strings

    • Multiplying a number with a string repeats the string the number of times specified by the number.
    • When a number is multiplied by a string, each individual character in the string is repeated, not the whole word.
    • The multiplication symbol (*) is used when multiplying a string.
    • Example: "*" * 5 results in ***** which are five asterisks.

    Understanding Different Data Types in Python

    • A data type in Python defines the type of data that a variable can hold.
    • There are three basic data types in Python:
      • Numbers (integers and floats): represent numerical values.
      • Booleans (True and False): represent logical values.
      • Strings: represent text data.
    • Python has more complex data types that are essential for creating real-world applications.

    Using Lists in Python

    • Lists are used to store a collection of items, such as numbers or names.
    • A list is declared using square brackets ([]), and elements are separated by commas (,).
    • Individual elements in a list can be accessed using their index, starting from 0 for the first element.
    • Negative indices can be used to access elements from the end of the list, with -1 representing the last element.
    • Individual elements in a list can be modified by assigning a new value to the corresponding index.
    • A range of elements can be selected using slicing by providing two indices separated by a colon (:).
    • The starting index is included, and the ending index is excluded.
    • The slice operation returns a new list, leaving the original list unchanged.

    List Methods in Python

    • Lists are objects in Python, which means they have a set of built-in methods that can be used to manipulate data.
    • Commonly used methods include:
      • append(): Adds an item to the end of a list.
      • insert(): Inserts an item at a specific index in a list.
      • remove(): Removes the first occurrence of a given item from a list.
      • clear(): Removes all elements from a list.
      • in: Checks if an item is present in a list.
      • len(): Returns the number of elements in a list.

    Iterating over Lists with For Loops

    • A for loop can be used to iterate over each item in a list individually.
    • The for loop syntax consists of the for keyword, a loop variable to store the current item, the in keyword, the list name, a colon, and an indented block of code to be executed for each iteration.

    Using While Loops with Lists

    • A while loop can also be used to iterate over lists with an index.
    • The while loop syntax includes a condition that checks at the beginning of each iteration if the loop should continue.
    • The index needs to be declared outside the loop, initialized to 0, incremented manually within the loop, and used to access individual elements.

    Using the Range Function in Python

    • The range() function generates a sequence of numbers.
    • The range() function can take one, two, or three arguments:
      • One argument: Generates a sequence from 0 up to but excluding the given number.
      • Two arguments: Generates a sequence from the first number up to but excluding the second number.
      • Three arguments: Generates a sequence from the first number up to but excluding the second number, with a step value specified by the third argument.
    • The range() function returns a range object, which represents the sequence of numbers but doesn't contain the actual numbers themselves.
    • A for loop can be used to iterate through the numbers generated by the range() function.

    Understanding Tuples in Python

    • Tuples are similar to lists but are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed once created.
    • Tuples are declared using parentheses (), and elements are separated by commas (,).
    • Tuples have methods like count() and index().
    • count() returns how many times a specific item appears in the tuple.
    • index() returns the index of the first occurrence of an item in the tuple.
    • Tuples are often used to guarantee that a list of data does not accidentally get modified.

    Using print() for Output

    • The print() function is used to display output to the console.
    • print() can be used to print strings, numbers, and variables.
    • print() adds a new line after printing.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Python programming, including installation steps and basic concepts. Explore how to set up your environment and create your first Python project. Perfect for beginners looking to dive into the world of coding.

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