Python Octal Numbers and Data Structures Quiz

Bash Commands

• ls: Lists the contents of a directory.
• ls -a: Lists all files and directories, including hidden ones.
• ls -A: Lists all files and directories, excluding hidden ones and the current directory (.) and parent directory (..).
• pwd: Prints the current working directory.
• cd: Changes the current working directory.
• cd <directory>: Changes to the specified directory.
• cd ..: Changes to the parent directory.
• cd ~: Changes to the home directory.
• mkdir <directory>: Creates a new directory.
• rmdir <directory>: Removes an empty directory.
• rm <file>: Removes a file.
• rm -r <directory>: Removes a directory and its contents recursively.
• cp <source> <destination>: Copies a file or directory.
• cp -r <source> <destination>: Copies a directory and its contents recursively.
• mv <source> <destination>: Moves or renames a file or directory.
• touch <file>: Creates an empty file.
• wc -l <file>: Counts the number of lines in a file.
• wc -w <file>: Counts the number of words in a file.
• wc -c <file>: Counts the number of characters in a file.
• head -n <number> <file>: Prints the first lines of a file.
• tail -n <number> <file>: Prints the last lines of a file.
• sort <file>: Sorts the lines of a file lexicographically.
• sort -r <file>: Sorts the lines of a file in reverse lexicographical order.
• sort -k <column> <file> [options]: Sorts the lines of a file based on the specified column.
• cut -d <delimiter> -f<column_range> <file>: Extracts the specified columns from a file.
• grep <pattern> <file>: Searches for lines containing a pattern in a file.
• grep -i <pattern> <file>: Searches for lines containing a pattern in a file, ignoring case.
• grep -v <pattern> <file>: Searches for lines not containing the pattern in a file.
• find <directory> -name <pattern>: Searches for files with names matching a pattern in the specified directory and subdirectories.
• find <directory> -iname <pattern>: Searches for files with names matching a pattern in the specified directory and subdirectories, ignoring case.
• type <command>: Checks if a command is a built-in command, function, or an external command.
• type -a <command>: Displays all commands matching the given pattern.
• compgen -k: Lists all keywords available in bash.
• man <command>: Displays the manual page for a command.
• help <command>: Displays the help page for a command.
• echo <string>: Displays a string to the terminal.
• echo -n <string>: Displays a string to the terminal without a newline character.
• chmod <permissions> <file>: Changes the file permissions.
• chown <user>:<group> <file>: Changes the owner and group of a file.
• chgrp <group> <file>: Changes the group of a file.
• assert <condition> [, <message>]: Checks if a condition is true; if not, it raises an exception.
• !!: Repeats the previous command.
• >: Redirects standard output to a file (overwrites).
• >>: Redirects standard output to a file (appends).
• 2>: Redirects standard error to a file.
• 2>>: Redirects standard error to a file (appends).
• <: Redirects standard input from a file.
• |: Pipes the output of one command as input to another.

Python

• assert <expression>, <message>: Checks if the expression is true. Raises an AssertionError if not.
• import <module>: Imports a module
• dir(<object>): Lists the attributes and methods of an object.
• help(<object>): Prints the help information about an object.
• open(<file_path>, <mode>): Opens a file.
• read(): Reads the entire content of a file into a string.
• readlines(): Reads all lines of a file into a list of strings.
• write(<string>): Writes a string to a file.
• writelines(<list>): Writes multiple strings (from a list) to a file.
• close(): Closes an open file.
• zip(<iterable1>, <iterable2>, ...): Creates an iterator that aggregates elements from multiple iterables.
• enumerate(<iterable>): Creates an iterator that contains (index, value) tuples.
• math.sqrt(<number>): Calculates the square root of a number.
• iter(<iterable>): Returns an iterator from an iterable.
• next(<iterator>): Returns the next item from an iterator.
• itertools.repeat(<item>, <n>): Creates an iterator that repeats an item times.
• itertools.product(<iterable1>, <iterable2>,...): Creates an iterator that outputs all ordered combinations of items in multiple iterables.
• itertools.combinations(<iterable>, <size>): Creates an iterator that outputs all ordered combinations of items in an iterable, without repeating items.
• itertools.combinations_with_replacement(<iterable>, <size>): Creates an iterator that outputs all ordered combinations of items in an iterable, allowing repeating items.
• itertools.permutations(<iterable>, <size>): Creates an iterator that outputs all possible ordered sequence of items in an iterable
• time.perf_counter(): Gets the performance counter time.
• timeit(<statement>): Calculates execution time of statements

Pandas

• df.head(): Displays the first few rows of a DataFrame.
• df.tail(): Displays the last few rows of a DataFrame.
• df.dtypes: Displays the data types of each column.
• df.shape: Returns the dimensions of the DataFrame as a tuple (rows, columns).
• df.size: Returns the total number of elements in the DataFrame.
• df.info(): Provides a concise summary of the DataFrame.
• df.describe(): Generates descriptive statistics of numeric columns (count, mean, std, min, 25%, 50%, 75%, max).
• df.columns: Returns the column labels as a pandas Index object.
• df.index: Returns the index labels of a dataframe.
• df.iat(<row>, <column>): Access a single cell by integer location (fastest way to select 1 value).
• quizgecko.comdf.iloc(<row>, <column>): Access a single cell by integer location (slower than iat for selecting 1 value).quizgecko.com
• df.loc[:, <column name>]: Selects a whole column by column name.quizgecko.com
• df.loc(<row_label1>,<column_label2>): Selects whole rows/columns if they have labelquizgecko.coms.
• df.drop(): Removes rows or columns.
• df.set_index(): Sets an existing column as the DataFrame index.
• df.reset_index(): Resets the index to a default integer index.
• df.sort_values(): Sorts the values of a column.
• df.sort_index(): Sorts the index values of a DataFrame.
• df.explode(): Explode a column of list-like items into multiple rows.
• df.fillna(): Fills missing values in a column.
• df.query(): Filters rows based on a query string.
• df.isin(): Filters rows where column values are present in a list (similar to SQL's IN).
• df.value_counts(): calculates the occurrence of each unique value in a series
• df.agg(): Applies multiple aggregation methods to columns within a groupby operation.quizgecko.com

Test your knowledge on octal numbers and Python dictionaries in this quiz! You will answer questions about the syntax of octal numbers, conversions between number systems, and dictionary characteristics. Perfect for those learning Python programming.