Python Lists and Loops

Lists and Loops in Python

• for loops are not condition-controlled loops.
• Loops execute instructions multiple times.
• The continue statement does not terminate a loop
• while loops are condition-controlled loops.
• While loops execute when the number of executions is unknown.
• A condition-controlled While loop executes until a condition is true.
• The range() function generates a sequence of numbers.
• The break statement exits a loop based on a condition.
• while(n>=2): represents a valid Python while statement.
• The option that is not a loop is break.
• break is used to terminate a loop.
• for is a counter-controlled loop.
• A loop is a program structure that repeats instructions; each repeat is an iteration.
• Counter-controlled loops execute a fixed number of times, managed by incrementing or decrementing a counter variable, stopping when the counter reaches a value (e.g., for loop).
• Condition-controlled loops execute until a condition is true (e.g., While loop).
• The continue statement skips the rest of the current iteration and proceeds to the next one.
• insert() inserts an element at the given index in a list
• append() adds an item to the end of a list
• remove() removes an item from a list
• clear() removes all items from a list

Data Science

• Data Science deals with a huge volume of data.
• Data Scientists are data professionals skilled in analyzing big data.
• The Capture stage involves gathering raw and unstructured data.
• Banking and financial institutions use data science to detect fraudulent transactions.
• Data science is useful in manipulating data.
• Data science helps in decision making.
• Data science does not provide high security of data.
• Data science uses machine learning algorithms to create predictive models.
• Data Science can assist with Speech recognition, Fraud Detection and Image recognition.
• Data science uses Machine Learning Algorithms to create predictive models.
• R is a critical language for Data Science.
• Data Science involves the study of large data volumes, using modern tools and techniques to find meaningful information for decision-making..
• Data Scientists have technical skills to analyze big data.
• Two disadvantages of data science are:
  • Data privacy: Misuse of data can harm organizations and individuals, making data security a major concern.
  • Cost: Data science tools are expensive, require training, and need careful analysis.
• Two examples of data science are:
  • Healthcare: Automating X-Ray analysis to assist doctors.
  • Retail: Evaluating client behavior and purchasing trends.
• Some advantages of Data Science include:
  • Multiple Career Opportunities: Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Research Analyst, etc.
  • Business Benefits: Helps organizations know when and where their products will sell best.
  • Time Reduction: Helps in delivering new trends faster.
  • Supports Decision Making: Aids in decision making with machine learning algorithms.
• The five main stages of data science are:
  • Capture: Collecting raw and unstructured data.
  • Maintain: Presenting data in the required format for analysis.
  • Process: Using prepared data to examine patterns for predictive analytics.
  • Analyze: Performing various analyses on the data.
  • Communicate: Presenting analyzed data in readable formats like charts and reports.

Understanding Cyber Threats & Safety

• Stalking is when someone is continually chased or followed by another person or group.
• Spam refers to unsolicited commercial email.
• None of the options given (Virus, Worm, Trojan) are "not malware" - they are all types of malware.
• Antivirus software is used to detect and remove viruses.
• Cyber ​​Safety involves the safe and responsible use of information and communication technologies.
• A virus is a type of computer software that can spread, impairing system function and corrupting data.
• Malware is malicious software designed to gain unauthorized access or cause damage without the owner's knowledge.
• Cyberbullying uses the internet to deliberately harm people.
• Cyberstalking is cybercrime that uses the internet to harass or stalk someone
• Cyberbullying can take various forms:
  • Sending nasty messages.
  • Humiliating others with embarrassing content.
  • Spreading rumors or lies.
  • Setting up fake profiles.
  • Repeated harassment and threatening messages.
• Antivirus software is used to detect, prevent, and remove viruses by:
  • Scanning computers for viruses.
  • Detecting malicious programs.
  • Scanning emails.
• To safely browse the web:
  • Keep software, especially antivirus software, updated.
  • Don't share personal information or passwords online.
  • Don't post photos or videos online.
  • Be cautious when making online friends.
  • Verify the authenticity of sites before buying anything.
  • Download attachments carefully.