Python Lambda Functions
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Questions and Answers

What does a function define in programming?

  • A collection of data types used in a program
  • A constant value that cannot change
  • A block of code that runs only when defined
  • An independent code space that executes when called (correct)

    • How does a function receive data?

  • By direct assignment of values
  • By modifying global variables
  • Through its return statement only
  • Via input parameters passed into it (correct)

    • Which statement is true regarding local and global variables?

  • Local variables are accessible solely within their function (correct)
  • Local variables can be accessed outside their function only
  • Global variables are exclusively accessible within functions
  • Global variables cannot be modified within functions

    • What is the function of nonlocal variables?

    <p>To allow access to variables in the outer function scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a function call represent in programming?

    <p>A reference made to the function's address space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following improves code usability for future developers?

    <p>Including a README file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the setup.py file?

    <p>Project dependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of having proper comments in code?

    <p>It enhances readability and usability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which naming convention is recommended for Python class names?

    <p>CamelCase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of comment is suitable for describing a multi-line function?

    <p>Triple quotes comment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of names should be avoided for variables in Python?

    <p>Single-letter names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is properly separating long variable names with underscores advised?

    <p>To improve code readability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for variable naming?

    <p>Abbreviating words excessively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a standard practice for writing a Python module?

    <p>Each module includes a file named <strong>init</strong>.py</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which package is best suited for working with tabular or time-series data?

    <p>Pandas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Requests package in Python?

    <p>Making HTTP requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which package provides a high-level interface for creating statistical graphics?

    <p>Seaborn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of tasks is the Pytest package used for?

    <p>Testing application code and libraries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which package is an important HTTP client used for generating requests in Python?

    <p>Urllib3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what will be the output of print(calc.add(10, 2)) if calc.py contains an add function?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data does the Pillow package primarily process?

    <p>Image data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lambda function return when assigned to an identifier?

    <p>A function object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a higher-order function?

    <p>A function that takes other functions as arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the filter() function work in Python?

    <p>It only returns items that evaluate as True with the provided function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary way that docstrings differ from comments in Python?

    <p>Docstrings can be accessed via the <strong>doc</strong> attribute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the following code output: new_list = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]))?

    <p>[2, 10, 8, 12, 16, 22, 6, 24]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the output of the filter() function?

    <p>Only items that are even numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct format for a single-line docstring?

    <p>'''This is a docstring.'''</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the map() function in Python?

    <p>To apply a function to all items in a list and return a new list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the print function's docstring indicate about the 'sep' argument?

    <p>It specifies the string inserted between values, defaulting to a space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding lambda functions?

    <p>They can be used as arguments to higher-order functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in a well-structured single-line docstring?

    <p>Including descriptive details about the function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will return a list of even numbers from my_list using filter()?

    <p>new_list = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, my_list))</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the doc attribute in a function like square(n)?

    <p>It provides a description of the function's purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly exemplifies a modular structure in programming?

    <p>Categorizing functions into input, output, and processing modules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential characteristic of a well-structured code in terms of programming paradigms?

    <p>It utilizes structured programming principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the output of the command 'print(square.doc)' illustrate?

    <p>It displays the string literal provided in the square function's docstring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lambda Functions and Higher-Order Functions

    • Lambda functions in Python are anonymous functions defined with the lambda keyword.
    • Commonly used as arguments for higher-order functions, such as filter() and map().
    • Example of a lambda function: double = lambda x: x * 2. Calling double(5) returns 10.
    • The filter() function takes a function and a list to return items that evaluate as True. Example filtering even numbers:
      • my_list = [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]
      • new_list = list(filter(lambda x: (x % 2 == 0), my_list)) results in [4, 6, 8, 12].

    Map Function

    • The map() function applies a function to all items in a list, returning a new list with the results.
    • Example to double each item in a list:
      • my_list = [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]
      • new_list = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, my_list)) results in doubled values.

    Functions in Python

    • A function is a block of reusable code that operates with input parameters and can return results.
    • Function calls reference functions defined elsewhere, including standard libraries and user-defined functions.

    Variable Scope

    • Global variables exist outside functions and are accessible within and outside functions.
    • Local variables are defined within functions and limited to that function's scope.
    • Example:
      • Global variable x = 5. Inside test1(), local x = 10 and calling prints both local and global values.

    Nonlocal Variables

    • Nonlocal variables are used in nested functions, allowing access to variables in the enclosing scope that are not global.

    Python Docstrings

    • Docstrings provide documentation for modules, functions, classes, or methods and are accessible as the __doc__ attribute.
    • Single-line docstrings should use triple quotes but occupy the same line for consistency.
    • Example function with a docstring: 
      • def square(n):
    '''Takes in a number n, returns the square of n'''
    return n ** 2

    Built-in Functions Documentation

    • Built-in function docstrings, like for print(), describe the function's parameters and output format, which helps with understanding usage.

    Good Programming Practices

    • Emphasize writing well-structured and documented code using proper naming conventions for variables, functions, and classes.
    • Include README files, setup scripts, documentation for components, and tests to improve code usability and maintainability.
    • Consistent naming:
      • Variable names: Use underscores (e.g., long_variable_name).
      • Class names: Use CamelCase (e.g., LongClassName).

    Python Modules and Packages

    • Python packages are directories containing multiple modules, typically including __init__.py files.
    • Popular Python packages for various applications:
      • NumPy for scientific computing
      • Pandas for data manipulation
      • Matplotlib for data visualization
      • Seaborn for statistical graphics
      • Scikit-learn for machine learning
      • Requests and Urllib3 for HTTP requests
      • NLTK for natural language processing
      • Pillow for image processing
      • Pytest for testing code.

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    Related Documents

    Unit 3.pdf

    Description

    This quiz explores Python's lambda functions, also known as anonymous functions. You will learn how to define and use these functions as arguments in higher-order functions, along with practical examples to reinforce your understanding.

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