Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does a function define in programming?
What does a function define in programming?
- A collection of data types used in a program
- A constant value that cannot change
- A block of code that runs only when defined
- An independent code space that executes when called (correct)
How does a function receive data?
How does a function receive data?
- By direct assignment of values
- By modifying global variables
- Through its return statement only
- Via input parameters passed into it (correct)
Which statement is true regarding local and global variables?
Which statement is true regarding local and global variables?
- Local variables are accessible solely within their function (correct)
- Local variables can be accessed outside their function only
- Global variables are exclusively accessible within functions
- Global variables cannot be modified within functions
What is the function of nonlocal variables?
What is the function of nonlocal variables?
What does a function call represent in programming?
What does a function call represent in programming?
Which of the following improves code usability for future developers?
Which of the following improves code usability for future developers?
What should be included in the setup.py file?
What should be included in the setup.py file?
What is one benefit of having proper comments in code?
What is one benefit of having proper comments in code?
Which naming convention is recommended for Python class names?
Which naming convention is recommended for Python class names?
What type of comment is suitable for describing a multi-line function?
What type of comment is suitable for describing a multi-line function?
What kind of names should be avoided for variables in Python?
What kind of names should be avoided for variables in Python?
Why is properly separating long variable names with underscores advised?
Why is properly separating long variable names with underscores advised?
Which of the following is NOT recommended for variable naming?
Which of the following is NOT recommended for variable naming?
What is a standard practice for writing a Python module?
What is a standard practice for writing a Python module?
Which package is best suited for working with tabular or time-series data?
Which package is best suited for working with tabular or time-series data?
What is the primary function of the Requests package in Python?
What is the primary function of the Requests package in Python?
Which package provides a high-level interface for creating statistical graphics?
Which package provides a high-level interface for creating statistical graphics?
What kind of tasks is the Pytest package used for?
What kind of tasks is the Pytest package used for?
Which package is an important HTTP client used for generating requests in Python?
Which package is an important HTTP client used for generating requests in Python?
In the example provided, what will be the output of print(calc.add(10, 2)) if calc.py contains an add function?
In the example provided, what will be the output of print(calc.add(10, 2)) if calc.py contains an add function?
What type of data does the Pillow package primarily process?
What type of data does the Pillow package primarily process?
What does a lambda function return when assigned to an identifier?
What does a lambda function return when assigned to an identifier?
What is a higher-order function?
What is a higher-order function?
How does the filter() function work in Python?
How does the filter() function work in Python?
What is one primary way that docstrings differ from comments in Python?
What is one primary way that docstrings differ from comments in Python?
What will the following code output: new_list = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]))
?
What will the following code output: new_list = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]))
?
Which of the following describes the output of the filter() function?
Which of the following describes the output of the filter() function?
Which of the following is a correct format for a single-line docstring?
Which of the following is a correct format for a single-line docstring?
What is the primary purpose of the map() function in Python?
What is the primary purpose of the map() function in Python?
What does the print function's docstring indicate about the 'sep' argument?
What does the print function's docstring indicate about the 'sep' argument?
Which of the following statements is true regarding lambda functions?
Which of the following statements is true regarding lambda functions?
What should be avoided in a well-structured single-line docstring?
What should be avoided in a well-structured single-line docstring?
Which of the following will return a list of even numbers from my_list using filter()?
Which of the following will return a list of even numbers from my_list using filter()?
What is indicated by the doc attribute in a function like square(n)?
What is indicated by the doc attribute in a function like square(n)?
Which of the following options correctly exemplifies a modular structure in programming?
Which of the following options correctly exemplifies a modular structure in programming?
What is an essential characteristic of a well-structured code in terms of programming paradigms?
What is an essential characteristic of a well-structured code in terms of programming paradigms?
What does the output of the command 'print(square.doc)' illustrate?
What does the output of the command 'print(square.doc)' illustrate?
Study Notes
Lambda Functions and Higher-Order Functions
- Lambda functions in Python are anonymous functions defined with the
lambda
keyword. - Commonly used as arguments for higher-order functions, such as
filter()
andmap()
. - Example of a lambda function:
double = lambda x: x * 2
. Callingdouble(5)
returns10
. - The
filter()
function takes a function and a list to return items that evaluate asTrue
. Example filtering even numbers:my_list = [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]
new_list = list(filter(lambda x: (x % 2 == 0), my_list))
results in[4, 6, 8, 12]
.
Map Function
- The
map()
function applies a function to all items in a list, returning a new list with the results. - Example to double each item in a list:
my_list = [1, 5, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 12]
new_list = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, my_list))
results in doubled values.
Functions in Python
- A function is a block of reusable code that operates with input parameters and can return results.
- Function calls reference functions defined elsewhere, including standard libraries and user-defined functions.
Variable Scope
- Global variables exist outside functions and are accessible within and outside functions.
- Local variables are defined within functions and limited to that function's scope.
- Example:
- Global variable
x = 5
. Insidetest1()
, localx = 10
and calling prints both local and global values.
- Global variable
Nonlocal Variables
- Nonlocal variables are used in nested functions, allowing access to variables in the enclosing scope that are not global.
Python Docstrings
- Docstrings provide documentation for modules, functions, classes, or methods and are accessible as the
__doc__
attribute. - Single-line docstrings should use triple quotes but occupy the same line for consistency.
- Example function with a docstring:
-
def square(n): '''Takes in a number n, returns the square of n''' return n ** 2
-
Built-in Functions Documentation
- Built-in function docstrings, like for
print()
, describe the function's parameters and output format, which helps with understanding usage.
Good Programming Practices
- Emphasize writing well-structured and documented code using proper naming conventions for variables, functions, and classes.
- Include README files, setup scripts, documentation for components, and tests to improve code usability and maintainability.
- Consistent naming:
- Variable names: Use underscores (e.g.,
long_variable_name
). - Class names: Use CamelCase (e.g.,
LongClassName
).
- Variable names: Use underscores (e.g.,
Python Modules and Packages
- Python packages are directories containing multiple modules, typically including
__init__.py
files. - Popular Python packages for various applications:
- NumPy for scientific computing
- Pandas for data manipulation
- Matplotlib for data visualization
- Seaborn for statistical graphics
- Scikit-learn for machine learning
- Requests and Urllib3 for HTTP requests
- NLTK for natural language processing
- Pillow for image processing
- Pytest for testing code.
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Description
This quiz explores Python's lambda functions, also known as anonymous functions. You will learn how to define and use these functions as arguments in higher-order functions, along with practical examples to reinforce your understanding.