Python Conditional Statements

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Questions and Answers

In Python, which of the following is true regarding conditional statements?

  • They define functions within a program.
  • They are primarily used for mathematical computations.
  • They execute code blocks based on whether a condition is true or false. (correct)
  • They are optional and do not affect the program's logic.

How does Python determine the scope of the code within an if statement?

  • By using curly brackets `{}`.
  • By using parenthesis `()`.
  • By using the `scope` keyword.
  • By using indentation alone. (correct)

What happens if an if statement in Python is written without proper indentation?

  • The code will execute but may produce unexpected results.
  • Python will raise an `IndentationError`. (correct)
  • The program will execute by ignoring the `if` statement altogether.
  • The interpreter will automatically correct the indentation.

In Python, what does the elif statement do?

<p>It specifies a new condition to test if the preceding <code>if</code> condition is false. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following code snippet:

x = 5
y = 10
if x > y:
    print("x is greater than y")
elif x < y:
    print("x is less than y")
else:
    print("x and y are equal")

What will be the output of this code?

<p><code>x is less than y</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'nested if statement' in Python?

<p>An <code>if</code> statement that is inside another <code>if</code> statement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Python, which comparison operator checks for equality?

<p>== (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following code snippets correctly demonstrates the use of an else statement in Python?

<pre><code class="language-python">if x &gt; y: print(&quot;x is greater&quot;) else: print(&quot;y is greater&quot;) ``` (C) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following Python code?

age = 25
if age > 18:
    if age > 21:
        print("Eligible to drink alcohol")
    else:
        print("Not eligible to drink alcohol")
else:
    print("Too young")

<p><code>Eligible to drink alcohol</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following code:

x = 10
y = 5
if x == y:
    print("Equal")
elif x != y:
    if x > y:
        print("x is greater")
    else:
        print("y is greater")

What will be printed?

<p><code>x is greater</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which logical condition is used in Python to determine if a number is within a specific range (e.g., between 10 and 20, inclusive)?

<p><code>10 &lt;= number &lt;= 20</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using conditional statements in programming?

<p>To control the flow of execution based on certain conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the else statement differ from the elif statement in Python?

<p><code>else</code> is used to specify a default action to take when all <code>if</code> and <code>elif</code> conditions are false, while <code>elif</code> specifies a new condition to test. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Predict the output of the following Python code:

x = 7
y = 7
if x > y:
    print("x is greater than y")
elif x < y:
    print("x is less than y")
else:
    print("x is equal to y")

<p><code>x is equal to y</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Python conditional statements, what is indentation primarily used for?

<p>To define the scope of a block of code within an <code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, or <code>else</code> statement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following Python code snippet:

value = 50
if value > 100:
    print("Greater than 100")
elif value > 50:
    print("Greater than 50")
else:
    print("Less than or equal to 50")

What will be the output?

<p><code>Less than or equal to 50</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a Python if statement has multiple elif conditions, how are these conditions evaluated?

<p>The <code>elif</code> conditions are evaluated sequentially until one is found to be true, and then the rest are skipped. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the following Python code if age is 15?

age = 15
if age > 18:
    print("Adult")
else:
    if age > 12:
        print("Teenager")
    else:
        print("Child")

<p><code>Teenager</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you check if a variable x is not equal to a value y in Python?

<p><code>x != y</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the order of conditions in a Python if-elif-else construct?

<p>The order matters because the first true condition will have its block executed, and subsequent conditions are skipped. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyze the following Python code and determine its output:

a = 5
b = 10
if a > b:
    print("a is greater than b")
elif a == b:
    print("a is equal to b")
else:
    if a < b:
        print("a is less than b")
    else:
        print("This will not be printed")

<p><code>a is less than b</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Python, what happens if you have an else statement without a preceding if statement?

<p>Python raises a <code>SyntaxError</code>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the code:

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("A")
if x > 7:
    print("B")
else:
    print("C")

What is the output?

<p><code>A\nB</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Python handle multiple conditions when using chained comparison operators such as a < b < c?

<p>It checks if <code>a &lt; b</code> and <code>b &lt; c</code> are both true. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if you accidentally wrote if x = 5: instead of if x == 5: in Python?

<p>Python would raise a <code>SyntaxError</code>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose you need to check if a variable num is divisible by both 2 and 3. Which of the following Python conditions is most efficient?

<p><code>if num % 6 == 0:</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following code, what is the output?

x = True
y = False
if x and y:
    print("Both true")
elif x or y:
    print("One is true")
else:
    print("None is true")

<p><code>One is true</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate way to describe the relationship between if, elif, and else statements in Python?

<p><code>if</code> starts a conditional block, <code>elif</code> provides additional conditions, and <code>else</code> provides a default action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constraints apply regarding the data type of the expression used in an if or elif statement in Python?

<p>It must be a boolean or any expression that can be evaluated to a boolean value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conditional Statements

Statements that execute different actions based on specified conditions.

If Statement

Specifies a block of code to be executed if a specified condition is true.

Else Statement

Specifies a block of code to be executed if the same condition is false.

Elif Statement

Specifies a new condition to test if the first condition is false.

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Equals (==)

Used to check if two values are equal.

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Not Equals (!=)

Used to check if two values are not equal.

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Less Than (<)

Used to check if one value is less than another.

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Less Than or Equal To (<=)

Used to check if one value is less than or equal to another.

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Greater Than (>)

Used to check if one value is greater than another.

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Greater Than or Equal To (>=)

Used to check if one value is greater than or equal to another.

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Indentation in Python

Whitespace at the beginning of a line that defines scope in Python.

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Nested If Statement

An if statement placed inside another if statement.

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Study Notes

Conditional Statements

  • Used to perform different actions based on different conditions.
  • Allows performing different actions for different decisions in code.
  • Achieved in code using conditional statements.

Types of Conditional Statements in Python

  • if: Executes a block of code if a specified condition is true.
  • else: Executes a block of code if the specified condition is false.
  • elif: Specifies a new condition to test if the first condition is false.

Python Conditions and If Statements

  • Python supports standard logical conditions from mathematics to be used in "if statements" and loops.
  • Equals: a == b
  • Not Equals: a != b
  • Less than: a < b
  • Less than or equal to: a <= b
  • Greater than: a > b
  • Greater than or equal to: a >= b

Examples of Python conditions

  • Variables a (33) and b (200) can be used to test if b is greater than a.
  • The condition b > a evaluates to true, it prints "b is greater than a" to the screen.

Indentation

  • Python uses indentation (whitespace at the beginning of a line) to define scope in the code.
  • Omitting indentation in if statements raises an error.

The if Statement

  • Used to execute a block of Python code if a condition is true.
  • Syntax: if <EXPRESSION> : # if block of statements

The else Statement

  • Used to execute a block of code if the condition is false.
  • Syntax:
    if <EXPRESSION>:
      # if block of statements
    else:
      # else block of statements
    

The Nested if Statement

  • Allows using if statements inside other if statements.
  • Syntax:
    if <EXPRESSION>:
      # if block of statements
      if <EXPRESSION>:
        # if block of statements
      else:
        # elif block of statements
    
  • Example:
    age = 13
    if age > 10:
      print("Above 10")
      if age > 20:
        print("and also above 20")
      else:
        print("but not above 20")
    

The elif Statement

  • Specifies a new condition to test if the first condition is false.
  • Syntax:
    if <EXPRESSION>:
      # if block of statements
    elif <EXPRESSION>:
      # elif block of statements
    else:
      # else block of statements
    
  • Example:
    time = 15
    if time < 10:
      greeting = "Good morning"
    elif time < 20:
      greeting = "Good day"
    else:
      greeting = "Good evening"
    

Examples of if Statements

  • Example:
    x, y = 10, 20
    if x == y:
      print("x and y are equal.")
    if x < y:
      print("x is less than y.")
    if x > y: # If there is only one line of statement to be executed, curly brackets ({}) can be omitted
      print("x is greater than y.")
    

Examples of else Statement

  • Example:
    x = 200
    if x < 100:
      print("It is less than 100.")
    else:
      print("It is greater than or equal to 100.")
    

Examples of else Statement and remainders

  • Checks if a number is even or odd based on the remainder when divided by 2.
  • Example:
    a = 200
    # If the remainder when a is divided by 2 is 0, it is even, otherwise, it is odd.
    if a % 2 == 0: # if division remainder is 0, a is even
      print("a is even.")
    else: # if (a % 2 != 0), if division remainder is not 0, a is odd
      print("a is odd.")
    

Examples of Nested if Statement

  • Example where an if x < y statement is only evaluated if x != y:
    x, y = 10, 20
    if x == y:
      print("x and y are equal.")
    else: # x != y
      if x < y:
        print("x is less than y.")
      else:
        print("x is greater than y.")
    

Examples of elif Statement

  • Example:
    x, y = 10, 20
    if x == y:
    print("x and y are equal.")
    elif x < y: # (x != y) and (x < y)
    print("x is less than y.")
    else: # (x != y) and (x > y)
    print("x is greater than y.")
    

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