Questions and Answers
What are class methods?
Lesson 78
What is a class method?
They are called by a class, which is passed to the cls parameter of the method.
What does the following code output? square = Rectangle.new_square(5); print(square.calculate_area())
25
What is new_square
?
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Complete the function definition to make sayHi()
a class method.
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What are static methods?
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What does the validate_topping
static method in the Pizza class do?
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Which of these is most likely to be a static method?
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What are properties in Python?
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How are properties created?
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What is the output of: pizza.pineapple_allowed = True
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Complete the isAdult
property.
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What is the purpose of the property decorator?
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What does this code do: @pineapple_allowed.setter
?
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What is the purpose of the split method on a string?
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Why does Goblin inherit from GameObject?
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Why was desc turned into a property?
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What do you need to create a property?
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What differentiates a class method from a static method?
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What are the usual parameter names for the calling instance and class?
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What method is called just before an object is instantiated?
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Fill in the blanks to access egg
attribute strongly private.
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What is garbage collection?
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Fill in the blanks to make a setter for the name property.
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Complete the __add__
method for the Juice class.
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Study Notes
Class Methods
- Class methods are invoked by the class itself, receiving the class as the first parameter named
cls
. - They allow the creation of instances without requiring an explicit instance of the class.
- Example: In the
Rectangle
class,new_square
is a class method that creates a square instance viacls
.
Static Methods
- Static methods belong to a class but do not take any instance or class as an argument.
- Functionality is similar to regular functions within a class context.
- Example: In the
Pizza
class,validate_topping
verifies topping compliance without using class or instance parameters.
Properties in Python
- Properties are defined using the
@property
decorator that allows controlled access to instance attributes. - They can provide getter and setter capabilities for encapsulation and validation, maintaining class integrity.
- Example: In the
Pizza
class,pineapple_allowed
is defined as a property that restricts direct modification.
Game Logic and Object Inheritance
- The
Goblin
class is derived fromGameObject
, demonstrating Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles of inheritance, hinting thatGoblin
exhibits characteristics of aGameObject
. - Properties can be made dynamic, such as when attributes are computed or restricted at access time.
Property Creation and Decorators
- Properties are created using the
@property
decorator, while setters are defined with@property_name.setter
. - Example of setter creation for name property in the
Person
class modifies how attributes can be handled when set.
Memory Management
- The process of automatic memory cleanup in Python is referred to as Garbage Collection, ensuring efficient memory use by removing unreferenced objects.
Operator Overloading
- The
__add__
method allows customizing behavior when using the+
operator between instances of custom classes. - In the
Juice
class example, combining two juice instances results in a new instance with combined names and capacities.
Summary of Class & Static Methods Differences
- Class methods receive the class (
cls
), while static methods do not receive either an instance or class data — they operate independently. - Class methods are bound to the class and can manipulate class state, whereas static methods are utility functions within the class itself.
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Explore key concepts of class methods and static methods in Python through these flashcards. Dive into practical examples, including the creation of classes like Rectangle and how to utilize class methods effectively. Enhance your understanding of object-oriented programming in Python with this focused study material.