Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the isupper() method return if the string contains at least one alphabetic letter and all letters are uppercase?
What does the isupper() method return if the string contains at least one alphabetic letter and all letters are uppercase?
- Undefined
- None
- False
- True (correct)
Which method would you use to convert all alphabetic letters in a string to lowercase?
Which method would you use to convert all alphabetic letters in a string to lowercase?
- lower() (correct)
- strip()
- upper()
- lstrip()
What will the lstrip() method do to a string?
What will the lstrip() method do to a string?
- Remove all trailing whitespace
- Remove all alphabets
- Convert all characters to uppercase
- Remove all leading whitespace (correct)
If a string is modified using the upper() method, which characters remain unchanged?
If a string is modified using the upper() method, which characters remain unchanged?
Which of the following methods is used to remove both leading and trailing whitespace characters?
Which of the following methods is used to remove both leading and trailing whitespace characters?
Using the rstrip() method, what happens when no argument is provided?
Using the rstrip() method, what happens when no argument is provided?
What is the main purpose of the lower() and upper() string methods?
What is the main purpose of the lower() and upper() string methods?
Which method would you use to remove a specific character from the beginning of a string?
Which method would you use to remove a specific character from the beginning of a string?
What is the result of the slicing operation string[3:8]
?
What is the result of the slicing operation string[3:8]
?
What will be the default start index in a string slicing operation if it is not specified?
What will be the default start index in a string slicing operation if it is not specified?
Which method would you use to check if a string contains only numeric digits?
Which method would you use to check if a string contains only numeric digits?
What does the isalnum()
method check for in a string?
What does the isalnum()
method check for in a string?
What will the expression string1 not in string2
evaluate to if string1 is found within string2?
What will the expression string1 not in string2
evaluate to if string1 is found within string2?
What does the method endswith(substring)
return?
What does the method endswith(substring)
return?
How does the slicing syntax handle negative indexes?
How does the slicing syntax handle negative indexes?
What is the output of find(substring)
if the substring is not found in the string?
What is the output of find(substring)
if the substring is not found in the string?
If a string contains only whitespace characters, which method would return True?
If a string contains only whitespace characters, which method would return True?
What does the replace(old, new)
method do?
What does the replace(old, new)
method do?
What is the expected output of the slicing operation string[2:]
?
What is the expected output of the slicing operation string[2:]
?
How does startswith(substring)
function?
How does startswith(substring)
function?
What is the purpose of the find()
method?
What is the purpose of the find()
method?
What is the correct format to access an individual character in a string using indexing?
What is the correct format to access an individual character in a string using indexing?
What will happen if you attempt to access a character using an index that is out of range for the string?
What will happen if you attempt to access a character using an index that is out of range for the string?
Which operator is used for string concatenation in Python?
Which operator is used for string concatenation in Python?
What will the len(string) function return?
What will the len(string) function return?
What does it mean that strings are immutable in Python?
What does it mean that strings are immutable in Python?
What will occur if you try to assign a new character to a specific index of a string?
What will occur if you try to assign a new character to a specific index of a string?
If you want to iterate over each character in the string 'Hello', what loop format should you use?
If you want to iterate over each character in the string 'Hello', what loop format should you use?
What will happen if you use the augmented assignment operator += on a variable that hasn’t been initialized?
What will happen if you use the augmented assignment operator += on a variable that hasn’t been initialized?
What character is used as the delimiter in the string '17;92;81;12;46;5'?
What character is used as the delimiter in the string '17;92;81;12;46;5'?
What does the split method return when applied to a string with no arguments?
What does the split method return when applied to a string with no arguments?
Which of the following correctly uses the repetition operator to repeat the string 'hello' three times?
Which of the following correctly uses the repetition operator to repeat the string 'hello' three times?
What are the substrings obtained from the string 'peach raspberry strawberry vanilla' called?
What are the substrings obtained from the string 'peach raspberry strawberry vanilla' called?
When tokenizing a string, what is the primary purpose of the split method in Python?
When tokenizing a string, what is the primary purpose of the split method in Python?
What will be the output of the expression 'hello' * 4?
What will be the output of the expression 'hello' * 4?
Which of the following statements about strings is true?
Which of the following statements about strings is true?
In the context of strings, what does the term 'delimiter' refer to?
In the context of strings, what does the term 'delimiter' refer to?
What does the replace(old, new) method do to a string?
What does the replace(old, new) method do to a string?
What should be expected from the find(substring) method if the substring is not present in the string?
What should be expected from the find(substring) method if the substring is not present in the string?
Which statement about startswith(substring) is accurate?
Which statement about startswith(substring) is accurate?
When using endswith(substring), what is returned?
When using endswith(substring), what is returned?
Which of the following methods would you use to determine the lowest index of a substring within a string?
Which of the following methods would you use to determine the lowest index of a substring within a string?
What happens when the end index is not specified in a slice operation?
What happens when the end index is not specified in a slice operation?
Which method would return true for a string that consists of spaces and tabs only?
Which method would return true for a string that consists of spaces and tabs only?
What will the expression 'A' in 'Apple' evaluate to?
What will the expression 'A' in 'Apple' evaluate to?
How is a step value utilized in string slicing?
How is a step value utilized in string slicing?
Which of the following methods would return false if the string is empty?
Which of the following methods would return false if the string is empty?
If a string is defined as '123abc', which method will return true?
If a string is defined as '123abc', which method will return true?
What does the 'not in' operator return if used on two strings where the first string is absent from the second?
What does the 'not in' operator return if used on two strings where the first string is absent from the second?
What will the expression string[:-1] achieve?
What will the expression string[:-1] achieve?
What is the effect of using the strip() method on a string?
What is the effect of using the strip() method on a string?
What will the isupper() method return if the string has mixed case letters and contains no uppercase letters?
What will the isupper() method return if the string has mixed case letters and contains no uppercase letters?
Which method would you use to remove all trailing whitespace characters from a string?
Which method would you use to remove all trailing whitespace characters from a string?
How does the lower() method modify a string?
How does the lower() method modify a string?
Which of the following methods would return a copy of a string with all leading whitespace removed?
Which of the following methods would return a copy of a string with all leading whitespace removed?
What does the repetition operator do when applied to a string and an integer?
What does the repetition operator do when applied to a string and an integer?
What will be the result of using the split method on the string 'apple orange banana'?
What will be the result of using the split method on the string 'apple orange banana'?
What will happen if you call the upper() method on a string that contains no alphabetic letters?
What will happen if you call the upper() method on a string that contains no alphabetic letters?
Which of the following statements is true regarding string comparisons in Python?
Which of the following statements is true regarding string comparisons in Python?
In the string '17;92;81;12;46;5', which character acts as the delimiter?
In the string '17;92;81;12;46;5', which character acts as the delimiter?
Which method would be most appropriate for cleaning a string by removing specified characters from both ends?
Which method would be most appropriate for cleaning a string by removing specified characters from both ends?
What are the individual items obtained from tokenizing a string called?
What are the individual items obtained from tokenizing a string called?
How do you specify a different separator when using the split method?
How do you specify a different separator when using the split method?
Which operator is used to create multiple copies of a string in Python?
Which operator is used to create multiple copies of a string in Python?
What will the expression 'hello' * 3 evaluate to?
What will the expression 'hello' * 3 evaluate to?
What type of object are strings in Python considered?
What type of object are strings in Python considered?
What is the result of attempting to assign a new character to an index of an immutable string?
What is the result of attempting to assign a new character to an index of an immutable string?
What will the 'len' function return when applied to an empty string?
What will the 'len' function return when applied to an empty string?
Which statement is true regarding string concatenation using the '+' operator?
Which statement is true regarding string concatenation using the '+' operator?
What will happen if you use a loop to iterate over a string and use an index that exceeds the string's length?
What will happen if you use a loop to iterate over a string and use an index that exceeds the string's length?
How should you prevent a loop from iterating beyond the end of a string?
How should you prevent a loop from iterating beyond the end of a string?
When concatenating strings using the '+=' operator, what must be true about the left operand?
When concatenating strings using the '+=' operator, what must be true about the left operand?
What is the primary characteristic of strings being immutable in Python?
What is the primary characteristic of strings being immutable in Python?
What must you do if you want to find the occurrences of a specific character in a string?
What must you do if you want to find the occurrences of a specific character in a string?
Flashcards
String indexing
String indexing
Accessing a character in a string using its position(index).
String concatenation
String concatenation
Joining two or more strings together.
String immutability
String immutability
Strings cannot be changed after creation.
String length
String length
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IndexError
IndexError
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Iterating through a string
Iterating through a string
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String
String
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Augmented assignment operator
Augmented assignment operator
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String Slicing
String Slicing
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Slicing Format
Slicing Format
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String in Operator
String in Operator
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String not in Operator
String not in Operator
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String Methods
String Methods
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isalnum()
isalnum()
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isalpha()
isalpha()
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isdigit()
isdigit()
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endswith(substring)
endswith(substring)
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startswith(substring)
startswith(substring)
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find(substring)
find(substring)
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replace(substring, new_string)
replace(substring, new_string)
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isupper()
isupper()
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lower()
lower()
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lstrip()
lstrip()
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lstrip(char)
lstrip(char)
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rstrip()
rstrip()
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rstrip(char)
rstrip(char)
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strip(char)
strip(char)
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String Repetition
String Repetition
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Repetition Operator
Repetition Operator
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String Token
String Token
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Delimiter
Delimiter
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Tokenizing
Tokenizing
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String Method 'split'
String Method 'split'
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What is len(string) for?
What is len(string) for?
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How do you check if a string is empty?
How do you check if a string is empty?
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How do you access individual characters using a loop?
How do you access individual characters using a loop?
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What is an IndexError?
What is an IndexError?
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How do you prevent an IndexError in a loop?
How do you prevent an IndexError in a loop?
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'in' Operator for Strings
'in' Operator for Strings
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'not in' Operator for Strings
'not in' Operator for Strings
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What are String Methods?
What are String Methods?
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isalnum() Method
isalnum() Method
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isalpha() Method
isalpha() Method
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isdigit() Method
isdigit() Method
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What does find() return if the substring is not found?
What does find() return if the substring is not found?
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Splitting a String
Splitting a String
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How does Python's 'split' work?
How does Python's 'split' work?
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What is 'valid_password' function ?
What is 'valid_password' function ?
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Why import the 'login' module into 'validate_password'?
Why import the 'login' module into 'validate_password'?
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Study Notes
Chapter 8: More About Strings
- Python provides tools for manipulating strings
- Strings are sequences, allowing tools for sequences to apply to strings
- Individual characters can be accessed via for loops or indexing
- Using a
for
loop in thefor ch in name:
format allows iteration over each character. Useful for counting occurrences of specific characters - Indexing uses
my_string[i]
wherei
is the 0-based numerical index
- Using a
String Operations
- Many programs commonly manipulate strings
- Python's tools allow extensive examination and manipulation of strings
Accessing Individual Characters
- Individual string characters can be accessed by using a
for
loop or indexing - For loops iterate over each character in a string:
for ch in name:
for example, and is useful for counting repeated characters - Indexing specifies the position of a character using
character = my_string[i]
, wherei
is the 0-based numerical index - IndexError exceptions can occur if accessing an index that's outside the string's bounds
The len()
function
len(string)
is used to obtain the length of a string- It's helpful in preventing index errors when processing string iteratively
String Concatenation
- Strings can be joined end to end (concatenated), using the
+
symbol (e.g.,new_string = string1 + string2
) - The
+=
operator can also be used to join strings to existing strings (e.g.,string += new_string
). - The variable on the left-hand side must exist
Immutability
- Once a string is created, it cannot be changed directly
- Python creates an entirely new string when changes are applied instead of modifying the original
- Trying to update individual string characters will result in exceptions
String Slicing
- A slice is a part of a string, a substring
- Format:
string[start:end]
, the end index is exclusive. - If
start
is not specified, it defaults to 0. - if
end
is not specified, it defaults to length of string. - Negative indices can be used, relative to the end of the string (e.g.,
string[-1]
denotes last character) - Slices can include a step value e.g.,
string[start:end:step]
String Methods (Testing)
- Boolean methods checking characteristics of strings
isalpha()
,isdigit()
,isalnum()
,islower()
,isupper()
,isspace()
,endswith()
,startswith()
determine if the entire string has a specific type of characterisdigit()
checks for only numeric digitsisalpha()
checks for alphabetic characters only.islower()
checks if all alphabetic characters are lowercaseisupper()
checks if all alphabetic characters are uppercaseand isspace()
checks for spaces,endswith()
checks if the string ends with a substring, andstartswith()
checks if the string starts with a substring.
String Methods (Searching & Replacing)
find(substring)
searches for substring in a string; returns position or -1 upon not finding itreplace(old_string, new_string)
returns copy of original string with all occurrences of a substring are replaced by anotherendswith()
method determines if an string ends with a substringstartswith()
method determines if a string starts with a substring
String Splitting
- The
split()
method is used to break a string into a list of substrings- By default, spaces are the delimiters
- Other characters can be used with argument e.g.,
date_string.split('/')
- String
tokens
and adelimiter
are components for representing string data - Tokenizing is breaking a string into individual items or tokens
The Repetition Operator
- The
*
symbol is used to repeat a string a certain number of times. - The string is on the left, and the integer with the repetition amount is on the right
Summary
- This chapter covered string operations, including methods for iterating over strings, repetition and concatenation operators, strings as immutable objects, slicing strings, testing strings, string methods (including
endswith()
,startswith()
,find()
, andreplace()
), splitting strings, and the repetition operator.
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