Python Basics and Global Labor Diasporas

A card used for testing and improving memory through active recall.

A learning technique that involves actively stimulating memory during the learning process.

The phenomenon where retrieving information enhances long-term memory retention.

Linking new information to existing knowledge to make it easier to remember.

Memory aids that use patterns, phrases, or images to organize information for easier recall.

Chinese workers imported to Caribbean and colonies post-1806.

Colonies established by Britain for convicts after losing Georgia.

Asian contract laborers faced low wages and harsh conditions.

French colonies in New Caledonia and French Guiana for convicts.

Chinese migration to Australia in 1851 during the gold rush.

The legal termination of slavery in a country.

Cuba (1886) and Brazil (1888) were the final nations to end slavery in the Americas.

A labor system where individuals work to repay debts or costs for a limited number of years.

Workers from Asia, particularly Chinese and Indian, employed as substitutes for enslaved labor.

Interactions between different cultures as a result of migration and labor systems.

The movement of people from one place to another, often for better opportunities.

Advancements in vehicles and infrastructure that facilitate travel and migration.

Japanese laborers who moved to Hawaii under contracts to work on plantations in the late 1800s.

An agreement where workers commit to a specific duration of employment, often in another country.

The influence of Italian immigrants on the economy and culture of Argentina, evidenced by monuments.

Mass emigration from a region over time, often due to challenges.

Workers under contract for a fixed period, often replacing enslaved workers.

Mass migration of Chinese people from the mid-19th century, mainly due to poverty and rebellion.

The departure of Irish citizens from Ireland, particularly during the 19th century.

A significant civil war in China (1850-1864) that triggered mass emigration.

A severe food shortage in Ireland from 1845 to 1849 that led to mass emigration.

Indian workers migrated to various colonies and regions like Mauritius and Fiji.

The repeal in 1846 of laws that restricted grain import/export in Ireland, leading to increased evictions.

The continued emigration from Ireland after the Great Famine, involving many to the U.S. and other nations.

The main countries where Irish emigrants settled, including the U.S., Canada, and Australia.

Movement of people seeking opportunities or escaping conditions, leading to demographic changes.

Communities formed by migrants maintaining their culture while adapting to new locations.

Women's societal roles varied; some gained autonomy while others maintained traditional roles during male migration.

First U.S. law to suspend immigration of a specific ethnic group, targeting Chinese laborers.

Migrants enriched local cultures, e.g., Indians in the Caribbean influencing music and religion.

Colonies intended for permanent settlement by migrants, like Canada and Australia.

Over 7 million Italians emigrated due to poverty and political issues.

Established by Japan in 1893 to create an overseas empire and export surplus population.

British businessmen moved to Argentina for economic opportunities in the 19th century.

Factors like economic hardship, political persecution, and family ties drove emigration.

British professionals collaborated with local knowledge for infrastructure projects.

A British engineer who mapped South Africa’s geology after migrating in 1846.

Migrations during this era significantly changed demographics and economies in settler colonies.

Immigrants influence the culture of their new societies while preserving their own.

Chinese migrants moved to Southeast Asia for work, especially in plantations and commerce.

Chinese managed agriculture and trade under colonial rule, gaining wealth and influence.

Chinese workers played key roles in mining, agriculture, and railroads during the Gold Rush era.

Migration forced through slavery and penal transportation.

Laborers under contract who migrated, often to replace slaves.

Chinese migrants during 1850-1880 seeking work, mainly in agriculture and gold mining.

Encouraged Italian migration to Argentina for better wages (1880-1914).

Japanese migration for work opportunities like the Transcontinental Railroad (1868-1907).

Trade route connecting Africa, Americas, and Europe, key in forced migration.

Migrants faced numerous challenges despite opportunities, like cultural adjustment.