Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in designing research?
What is the first step in designing research?
- Test the hypothesis
- Specify the independent and dependent variables (correct)
- Communicate the research results
- Conduct the research
What type of measures is a self-report measure an example of?
What type of measures is a self-report measure an example of?
- Dependent measure (correct)
- Behavioural measure
- Physiological measure
- Dependent variable
What is the purpose of controlling extraneous variables?
What is the purpose of controlling extraneous variables?
- To manipulate the independent variable
- To ensure the accuracy of the results (correct)
- To measure the dependent variable
- To select research participants
What software can be used to analyze data?
What software can be used to analyze data?
What is the purpose of the fourth step in scientific methodology?
What is the purpose of the fourth step in scientific methodology?
Where are research results typically communicated?
Where are research results typically communicated?
What is a primary function of a theory in research?
What is a primary function of a theory in research?
What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in a research study?
What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in a research study?
What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis?
What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis?
What is the purpose of testing a hypothesis?
What is the purpose of testing a hypothesis?
What is a theory in research?
What is a theory in research?
What does a null hypothesis represent?
What does a null hypothesis represent?
What is the role of evidence in theory development?
What is the role of evidence in theory development?
What is the purpose of control in scientific research?
What is the purpose of control in scientific research?
What is the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
What is the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in research?
What is the purpose of a hypothesis in research?
What is an example of a simple hypothesis?
What is an example of a simple hypothesis?
According to Christensen (2007), what are the three most important characteristics of scientific research?
According to Christensen (2007), what are the three most important characteristics of scientific research?
What is the purpose of replication in scientific research?
What is the purpose of replication in scientific research?
What is a scientific hypothesis?
What is a scientific hypothesis?
What is the main purpose of basic research in psychology?
What is the main purpose of basic research in psychology?
What is the main difference between basic and applied research?
What is the main difference between basic and applied research?
Which type of research is focused on answering practical problems?
Which type of research is focused on answering practical problems?
What is an example of applied research?
What is an example of applied research?
What is the emphasis of basic research?
What is the emphasis of basic research?
What is the goal of applied research?
What is the goal of applied research?
What is the first step in conducting research?
What is the first step in conducting research?
What is a characteristic of a researchable topic?
What is a characteristic of a researchable topic?
What is an example of a non-researchable topic?
What is an example of a non-researchable topic?
What is a good research question?
What is a good research question?
What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis?
What is the purpose of formulating a hypothesis?
Why is it important to ensure that a research topic is researchable?
Why is it important to ensure that a research topic is researchable?
What is the purpose of data collection and analysis?
What is the purpose of data collection and analysis?
How can a non-researchable topic be made researchable?
How can a non-researchable topic be made researchable?
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Study Notes
Research Methodology in Psychology
Basic and Applied Research
- Psychologists conduct basic research to gain knowledge about a phenomenon or behavior, with little emphasis on real-world application
- Applied research investigates a phenomenon or behavior in the real world to answer a specific question or solve a problem
- Basic research aims to understand human development, while applied research focuses on solving real-world problems, such as developing therapy to treat eating disorders
Theories in Psychology
- A theory is a set of related statements that explain various occurrences
- Theories are created and invented through research, explaining and predicting relationships between variables
- Theory guides research, organizes ideas, and generates new research
- Examples of psychological theories: Theory of Reasoned Action, Health Belief Model, Stress Theory, Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory, Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory, Trait Theory of Personality, and Humanistic Theory of Personality
Hypotheses
- A hypothesis is a formal statement of expected relationships among variables
- A hypothesis predicts a relationship between two or more variables, is testable, and can be refuted or confirmed
- There are two types of hypotheses:
- Null hypothesis: represents a statement of no relationship among variables
- Scientific hypothesis (alternate/working/researcher's hypothesis): represents a predicted relationship among variables
- Hypotheses can be simple (two variables) or complex (more than two variables), and can be directional or non-directional
Characteristics of Scientific Research
- Control: eliminating extraneous variables that can affect an experiment
- Operational definition: specifying the independent and dependent variables and how extraneous variables will be controlled
- Replication: ensuring that results can be reproduced
Steps in Scientific Methodology
- Identify a problem and formulate a hypothesis
- Design the research
- Conduct the research
- Test the hypothesis
- Communicate the research results
Researchable and Non-Researchable Topics
- Researchable topics can be empirically investigated and state a testable hypothesis
- Non-researchable topics include explanations, vague propositions, philosophical or ethical issues, or opinions
- Examples of researchable topics: effect of feedback on task performance, approaches to ensuring cleanliness on campus, and effect of knuckle-cracking on osteoarthritis development
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