Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Pyelonephritis?
What is the definition of Pyelonephritis?
What is the pathophysiology of Pyelonephritis?
What is the pathophysiology of Pyelonephritis?
Pathogens invade the kidney leading to scarring and fibrosis.
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of Pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
What is a major risk factor for developing Pyelonephritis?
What is a major risk factor for developing Pyelonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tests are commonly used for diagnosing Pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
Which tests are commonly used for diagnosing Pyelonephritis? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What is Glomerulonephritis?
What is Glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What main factor is a risk for Glomerulonephritis?
What main factor is a risk for Glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical manifestations of Glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
What are the clinical manifestations of Glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Why does Glomerulonephritis cause hypertension?
Why does Glomerulonephritis cause hypertension?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the arterial blood gas test indicate in Glomerulonephritis?
What does the arterial blood gas test indicate in Glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are normal sodium levels?
What are normal sodium levels?
Signup and view all the answers
What causes low sodium levels in Glomerulonephritis?
What causes low sodium levels in Glomerulonephritis?
Signup and view all the answers
Normal BUN level is ______.
Normal BUN level is ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal range for Creatinine levels?
What is the normal range for Creatinine levels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary function of kidneys? (Select all that apply)
What is a primary function of kidneys? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Pyelonephritis
- Defined as a "true kidney infection."
- Typically follows a long history of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Acute and reversible; kidneys maintain normal function during infection.
Pathophysiology of Pyelonephritis
- Results from pathogens invading the kidneys, leading to scarring and fibrosis.
Clinical Manifestations of Pyelonephritis
- Characterized by significant flank pain and kidney inflammation.
- Accompanied by fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and fatigue.
- Presence of white blood cells (WBC) in urine is common.
Risk Factors for Pyelonephritis
- Individuals with a prolonged history of UTIs are at higher risk.
Laboratory Tests for Pyelonephritis
- Elevated WBC count in serum blood tests.
- Urinalysis reveals WBCs, indicating kidney illness.
- Systemic blood tests and cultures to identify the causative organism.
- Increased specific gravity in urine due to concentration.
Glomerulonephritis
- Represents inflammation of the glomeruli, an exclusively inflammatory condition.
- Not bacterial; cannot be treated with antibiotics, involving antigen-antibody responses.
Role of the Glomerulus
- Functions in the filtration of red blood cells (RBC) in the kidneys.
Risk Factors for Glomerulonephritis
- Associated with autoimmune diseases or history of lupus.
- May occur secondarily to infections in children; more prevalent in women.
Clinical Manifestations of Glomerulonephritis
- Symptoms include generalized edema, hematuria, and foamy urine with protein.
- Hypertension is also a common manifestation.
Hypertension Mechanism in Glomerulonephritis
- Occurs due to negative feedback from edema affecting blood pressure.
Diagnostic Tests for Glomerulonephritis
- Utilizes scans with radioactive dye and assesses arterial blood gases.
- Evaluates levels of potassium, hemoglobin, RBC, calcium, sodium, BUN, creatinine, and BNP.
Arterial Blood Gases in Glomerulonephritis
- Indicates bicarbonate levels, often revealing metabolic acidosis due to acidity.
Normal Calcium and Sodium Levels
- Normal calcium levels range from 8-10.
- Normal sodium levels fall between 135-145.
Calcium Levels in Glomerulonephritis
- Patients often experience hypocalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption, leading to fractures and seizures.
Sodium Levels in Glomerulonephritis
- Sodium levels may be low due to fluid retention, leading to potential mental confusion.
BUN Levels in Glomerulonephritis
- BUN levels rise because of increased serum protein and amino acids resulting from inadequate protein breakdown.
Normal Creatinine Levels
- Standard creatinine levels are 0.5-1.5, indicative of kidney function.
Function of the Kidney
- Responsible for RBC regulation, toxin excretion, pH regulation, renin-angiotensin system, water balance, electrolyte balance, and vitamin D regulation.
Erythropoietin and RBC Regulation
- Erythropoietin activates in response to low RBC levels, leading to anemia due to low hemoglobin.
Toxin Excretion in Kidney Dysfunction
- Kidneys excrete potassium, often causing the body to retain it.
pH Regulation in Kidney Dysfunction
- Low bicarbonate levels result in decreased pH, indicating acidosis.
Vitamin D and Kidney Function
- The kidneys help regulate vitamin D, which is critical for calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
Renin-Angiotensin System in Kidney Issues
- Functions as a potent vasoconstrictor, leading to increased blood pressure in cases of kidney dysfunction.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the intricacies of pyelonephritis, a type of kidney infection that commonly follows urinary tract infections. This quiz covers pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, associated risk factors, and relevant laboratory tests. Test your knowledge on how this condition affects kidney function and overall health.
