PY 101 Exam 1 Study Guide

Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior.

They relied on methods such as observation and logic.

The theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.

<p>The personal observation of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory about the nature of mental states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental research involves controlled environments to observe the effect of an independent variable, whereas correlational research observes two variables to see if there is a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A relationship between two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By looking at the r value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An apparent but false relationship between two (or more) variables that is caused by some other variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Independent variable is the experimental factor that is manipulated; dependent variable is the outcome factor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that the simpler explanation is more likely to be correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clever Hans was a horse that seemed to perform math but actually responded to involuntary cues from his trainer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that differences between groups are not systematic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population includes all elements from a data set; a sample consists of one or more observations drawn from the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean is the average, median is the middle value, and mode is the most common number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the most common item or value of a data set is required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distribution where one tail is longer than another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It tells you how spread out the data is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapse, axon, axon terminals, and dendrites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via electrical events called action potentials and chemical neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability is the consistency of a measure; validity is the accuracy of a measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involve an intact reflex arc that allows quick responses without central input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sudden, fast, transitory change of the resting membrane potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The period during which a neuron cannot be excited to generate a second action potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin is an insulating layer around nerves that helps signal transmission speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An agonist activates a target; an antagonist prevents other molecules from binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobe for cognitive functions, parietal lobe for sensory processing, occipital lobe for vision, temporal lobe for auditory perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Releasing hormones, regulating body temperature, daily physiological cycles, and appetite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulates motor movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unify sensory processing, information transmission, and allocation of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes sensory receptor neurons for touch, temperature, and limb position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic prepares for 'fight or flight'; the parasympathetic restores calm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT, EEG, PET, and fMRI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that our genes determine our physical, behavioral, and psychological traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A trait can be passed on through genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dizygotic twins are fraternal and arise from separate eggs; monozygotic twins are identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help compare behavioral similarities between identical and fraternal twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concordant means both have or lack a trait; discordant means one has it and the other does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twin studies focus on genetic similarities; adoption studies assess environmental versus genetic influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers