PV Solar Power System Design and Measurement
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Questions and Answers

What is solar radiation?

  • A type of solar energy technology
  • Light emitted by the sun (correct)
  • The heat from a concentrated fluid
  • The energy generated from solar panels

    • How do Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP) technologies generate electricity?

  • By heating a fluid to generate steam and spin a turbine (correct)
  • By using photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electricity
  • By using mirrors to reflect sunlight onto a generator
  • By using solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity

    • What is the purpose of the mirrors in Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP) technologies?

  • To focus sunlight onto a receiver to heat a fluid (correct)
  • To generate electricity directly from sunlight
  • To reflect sunlight onto a solar panel
  • To store thermal energy for later use

    • What happens when sunlight shines onto a solar panel?

    <p>The energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the PV cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of photovoltaic cells in a solar panel?

    <p>To convert sunlight into electrical charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of solar energy technologies?

    <p>Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to calculate the size of a battery?

    <p>Calculate total Watt-hours per day used by appliances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the total Watt-hours per day used by 0.85?

    <p>To account for battery loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the required Ampere-hour capacity of deep-cycle battery?

    <p>Battery Capacity (Ah) = (Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances / (0.85 x 0.6 x nominal battery voltage)) x Days of autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor in selecting a solar charge controller?

    <p>The voltage of the PV array and batteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when sizing a solar charge controller for a series configuration?

    <p>The total PV input current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to determine the solar charge controller rating?

    <p>Solar charge controller rating = Total short circuit current of PV array x 1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sizing the solar charge controller?

    <p>To ensure the safe and efficient operation of the PV system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a solar charge controller in a PV system?

    <p>To charge the battery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the short circuit current of the PV array used for?

    <p>To determine the solar charge controller rating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the solar charge controller is undersized?

    <p>The solar charge controller may be damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of electrons in the process of generating electricity?

    <p>To serve as the foundation of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to follow the standard practice for sizing the solar charge controller?

    <p>To ensure the safe and efficient operation of the PV system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of hybrid solar systems?

    <p>They provide energy storage for later use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the multiplier used to determine the solar charge controller rating?

    <p>1.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in designing a solar PV system?

    <p>Determining the power consumption demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a charge controller in a solar PV system?

    <p>To regulate the flow of energy from the solar panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of off-grid solar systems?

    <p>They have no grid connection and rely on on-site energy generation and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the inverter in a solar PV system?

    <p>To convert DC power to AC power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of multiplying the total appliances' Watt-hours per day by 1.3?

    <p>To account for the energy lost in the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the panel generation factor for Thailand?

    <p>3.43</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules calculated?

    <p>By dividing the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules by 3.43</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the system if more PV modules are installed than required?

    <p>The system will perform better and battery life will improve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the calculation in item 2.2?

    <p>The number of PV panels required for the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules?

    <p>To calculate the total Watt-peak rating needed for the PV modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solar Energy Technologies

    • Solar radiation is light or electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun, which varies in amount depending on the location on Earth.

    Types of Solar Energy Technologies

    • There are two main types of solar energy technologies:
      • Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP)
      • Photovoltaics (PV)

    Concentrating Solar-Thermal Power (CSP)

    • CSP technologies use mirrors to reflect and concentrate sunlight onto a receiver.
    • The concentrated sunlight heats a high-temperature fluid, which can be used to:
      • Generate electricity by spinning a turbine or powering an engine
      • Support various industrial applications, such as:
        • Water desalination
        • Enhanced oil recovery
        • Food processing
        • Chemical production
        • Mineral processing

    Photovoltaic Solar System

    • Photovoltaic solar systems utilize solar panels to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity using cells made of semiconductor materials.
    • The most commonly used semiconductor material is silicon, found in sand.
    • When light strikes the cell, it absorbs energy, knocking electrons loose, causing electricity to flow.

    Types of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

    • There are three types of solar photovoltaic systems:
      • Grid-tied systems: connected to the grid, allowing for utility electricity use when needed
      • Off-grid systems: no grid connection, relying on on-site energy generation and storage
      • Hybrid systems: combines solar panels with a solar battery for energy storage and grid connection

    Components of a Solar Photovoltaic System

    • Solar PV modules
    • Module mounting structure
    • Inverter
    • Battery bank
    • Charge controller
    • DC & AC switches
    • Cables and accessories

    Solar PV System Sizing

    • Determine power consumption demands:
      • Calculate total Watt-hours per day for each appliance
      • Add up the Watt-hours needed for all appliances
      • Multiply the total by 1.3 to account for energy lost in the system
    • Size the PV modules:
      • Calculate the total peak watt produced needed
      • Divide the total Watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules by the panel generation factor (e.g., 3.43 for Thailand)
      • Calculate the number of PV panels needed by dividing the total peak watt produced by the rated output Watt-peak of the PV modules
    • Size the battery:
      • Calculate the total Watt-hours per day used by appliances
      • Divide by 0.85 for battery loss
      • Divide by 0.6 for depth of discharge
      • Divide by the nominal battery voltage
      • Multiply by the number of days of autonomy needed
    • Size the solar charge controller:
      • Match the voltage of the PV array and batteries
      • Consider the type of solar charge controller for the application
      • Ensure the controller can handle the current from the PV array

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    Description

    Learn about solar radiation, its variation on Earth's surface, and how it's converted into energy through solar technologies like photovoltaics and concentrating solar-thermal power. Test your knowledge on PV solar power system design and measurement.

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