Purposive Communication Week 1

Study Notes

Language is a unique human capacity essential for communication; animals use forms of communication but lack true language.
True language encompasses a structure of rules (grammar), a sound system (phonology), and vocabulary (lexicon).
A speech community is defined by shared linguistic rules and norms.
Language acquisition occurs within a community, with the mother tongue being the first language learned, while the second language is typically learned later.
Language learning refers to the process of acquiring a second language.
Language contact can lead to language change, manifested in new language forms like Singaporean English influenced by Malaysian English.

Communication is defined as the exchange of information, thoughts, feelings, and emotions through various modes: speech, signals, writing, behavior.
Context refers to the setting and circumstances influencing communication styles, including the speaker's and listener's values.
Communication can be classified as:
- Verbal: Short and simple spoken or written exchanges.
- Non-verbal: Includes feedback through oral communication, as well as gestures and facial expressions.
- Visual: Use of images and visuals to convey messages.
Types of communication based on context include:
- Intrapersonal: Self-talk or personal reflection.
- Interpersonal: Direct conversation between individuals.
- Extended: Communication facilitated by electronic media.
- Organization: Communication dynamics within a workplace.
- Intercultural: Interaction among individuals from varied cultural backgrounds.

Organizational communication can be categorized into:
- Formal: Includes structured approaches to communication, such as:
  - Downward: Communication from higher to lower levels.
  - Upward: Feedback from lower levels to management.
  - Horizontal: Communication among peers at the same level.
  - Crosswise: Interaction between different departments.
- Informal: Unstructured communication, such as casual interactions and socializing.
Grapevine communication refers to informal channels where rumors spread through social interactions.
Organizational culture defines expected employee behavior and commitment levels within the organization.

Communication channels are crucial in message delivery, influencing audience perception.
Three principal communication channels are identified:
- Verbal: In-person and direct speech interactions.
  - Tone plays a vital role in how messages are interpreted.
- Non-verbal: Includes body language, facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions without words.
- Written: Encompasses textual documents such as memos, proposals, emails, and policies.
Digital communication channels encompass all those methods in both physical and digital forms, including video conferencing and digital messaging.
Information richness reflects the level of sensory detail available in the message, which influences how effectively it is received.