Purpose of Communication Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of informative communication?

The main purpose of informative communication is to convey information factually.

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of communication?

  • To improve public relations
  • To convey feelings, opinions, perceptions, and ideas.
  • To provide therapeutic effect
  • To ensure understanding
  • To express personal preferences (correct)
  • To start action and implement activities
  • To exchange information
  • To persuade and influence
  • To establish and enhance relationships

    • What are three deep impulses that drive informative communication, according to Osborn (2009)?

    We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us, we seek to become more competent, and we have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.

    When preparing for an informative exchange, what is the most important question to ask yourself?

    <p>Am I knowledgeable enough of my topic to help my receivers understand it?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some suggestions for making informative communication more effective?

    <p>Choose media carefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of persuasive communication?

    <p>The main purpose of persuasive communication is to convince others to support a particular viewpoint or idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Persuasive communication involves motivation and persuasion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Richard M. Perloff (2003), what is persuasion?

    <p>Persuasion is a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behaviour regarding an issue through the transmission of a message, in an atmosphere of free choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of persuasive communication, according to Robert Cialdini?

    <p>Trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three pillars of persuasive communication?

    <p>Logos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which objective of persuasive communication focuses on creating curiosity, solving a problem, or proposing solutions?

    <p>Call to action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of persuasive communication happens when you try to convince yourself to do something?

    <p>Intrapersonal Persuasive Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interpersonal persuasive communication occurs between individuals who do not have a close, established bond.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of argumentative communication?

    <p>Argumentative communication relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is public speaking also called?

    <p>Oratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of public speaking?

    <p>Public speaking is the process of communicating information to a live audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The information communicated in public speaking is typically unstructured.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did public speaking originate?

    <p>Public speaking originated in Ancient Greece and Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Greeks known for in public speaking?

    <p>The Greeks were known for using rhetoric for praise or persuasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Romans adopt from the Greeks in regards to public speaking?

    <p>The Romans adopted Greek methods for senate sessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shift occurred in public speaking after World War II?

    <p>A shift occurred in public speaking after World War II toward conversational styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common tool used in modern public speaking for enhanced presentations?

    <p>PowerPoint is a common tool used in modern public speaking for enhanced presentations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three components make up a great public speaking presentation?

    <p>Style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major difference between public speaking and a conversation?

    <p>Audience engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of "Read/Manuscript" as a way of delivering a speech?

    <p>Read/Manuscript is the word-for-word iteration of a written language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "Memorized Speech" as a way of delivering a speech?

    <p>Memorized speech is the recitation of a written message that the speaker has remembered or memorized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "Impromptu Speech" as a way of delivering a speech?

    <p>Impromptu speech involves presenting a short message without prior preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "Extemporaneous Speech" as a way of delivering a speech?

    <p>Extemporaneous speech is a presentation of a planned and rehearsed speech using minimal notes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lucas (2015), what are the key elements for organizing a speech?

    <p>The key elements for organizing a speech, according to Lucas (2015), are the introduction, body, and conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Garcia (2024), what are the steps to successfully writing a speech?

    <p>Choose an important topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some elements of a good speech delivery?

    <p>Pronunciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are six ways to turn nervousness into a positive force when giving a speech, according to Lucas (2015)?

    <p>Acquire speaking experience, prepare, prepare, prepare, think positively, use the power of visualization, know that most nervousness is not visible, and do not expect perfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Diffusion of Innovation Theory?

    <p>How ideas or products gain momentum and spread through a population over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, for an idea or product to be adopted, it must be perceived as new or innovative.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Propaganda Theory?

    <p>The Propaganda Theory analyzes how systemic biases shape news content disseminated by mass media and how media serves as a tool for powerful entities to propagate their interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five filters that the Propaganda Theory identifies as shaping news?

    <p>The five filters are financial ownership and profit orientation, advertising and funding, sourcing news, flaks, and anti-communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Agenda-Setting Theory?

    <p>The Agenda-Setting Theory explains how the media influences what people think about by determining the salience of issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two levels of the Agenda-Setting Theory?

    <p>The two levels are the first level and the second level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the Framing Theory?

    <p>The Framing Theory focuses on the way media presents information and how this impacts the way people process and understand that information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fairhurst and Sarr (1996), what are some framing techniques?

    <p>Some framing techniques include metaphor, stories, tradition, slogans, artifacts, contrasts, and spin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of communication?

    <p>The purpose of communication is to express messages to others in a clear and straightforward manner, leaving no room for confusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three deep impulses that informative communication arises from, according to Osborn (2009)?

    <p>We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us. We seek to become more competent. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these questions should you ask yourself when preparing for an informative exchange?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some quick tips for informative communication?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is persuasive communication?

    <p>Persuasive communication is the art of gaining fair and favorable considerations for your point of view. It involves presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motivation and persuasion are the same thing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Richard M. Perloff (2003) define persuasion?

    <p>Persuasion is a symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue through the transmission of a message, in an atmosphere of free choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a principle common to persuasive communication according to Robert Cialdini?

    <p>Creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each pillar of persuasive communication with its corresponding definition:

    <p>Ethos = The appeal to ethics, referring to the effort to convince your audience of your credibility or character. Pathos = The appeal to emotions, referring to the effort to persuade your audience by making an appeal to their feelings. Logos = The appeal to logic and reason, referring to the effort to convince your audience by using logic and reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an objective of persuasive communication?

    <p>Discourage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrapersonal persuasive communication?

    <p>Intrapersonal persuasive communication happens when you try to convince yourself to do something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is group persuasive communication?

    <p>Group persuasive communication occurs between individuals who may not have a close, established bond. It happens in a larger setting where more than two people are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is persuasive public and mass communication?

    <p>Persuasive public and mass communication is public communication that is transmitted through media to a larger audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Argumentative communication relies heavily on sound proof and reasoning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of argumentative communication?

    <p>Debate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a limitation of argumentative communication?

    <p>Easy to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is public speaking?

    <p>Public speaking is the process of communicating information to a live audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Public speaking originated in ancient Egypt.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components of great public speaking?

    <p>Style, Substance, Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a major difference between public speaking and a conversation?

    <p>Informal setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of delivering a speech?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is read/manuscript speech?

    <p>Read/manuscript speech is the word-for-word iteration of a written language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is memorized speech?

    <p>Memorized speech is the recitation of a written message that the speaker has remembered or memorized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is impromptu speech?

    <p>Impromptu speech is a presentation of a short message without prior preparation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is extemporaneous speech?

    <p>Extemporaneous speech is a presentation of a planned and rehearsed speech using minimal notes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for writing a speech?

    <p>Memorize your speech word-for-word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an element of a good delivery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diffusion of innovation theory?

    <p>It explains how, over time, an idea or product gains momentum and spreads through a specific population or social system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the diffusion of innovation theory?

    <p>Everette M. Rogers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to adoption according to diffusion of innovation theory?

    <p>The innovation must be perceived as new or innovative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does propaganda theory analyze?

    <p>It analyzes how systemic biases shape the news content disseminated by mass media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Propaganda theory argues that media serves as a tool for powerful entities to promote their interests.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five filters that are used to shape the news according to propaganda theory?

    <p>Size, ownership, and profit orientation of mass media; advertising/funding; sourcing of news; flaks; anti-communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does agenda setting theory explain?

    <p>It explains how the media influences what people think about by determining the salience of issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agenda setting theory states that media tells people what to think.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does framing theory focus on?

    <p>Framing theory focuses on the essence of the issues at hand rather than on a particular topic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Framing theory proposes that media coverage does not impact how people process information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the framing techniques identified by Fairhurst and Sarr (1996)?

    <p>Metaphor, stories/myths/legends, tradition/rituals/ceremonies, slogan/jargon/catchphrase, artifact, contrast, and spin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Purpose of Communication

    • Communication aims to convey a message clearly and straightforwardly, avoiding confusion.
    • Key purposes include:
      • Obtaining, giving, and exchanging information
      • Persuading and influencing others
      • Ensuring mutual understanding
      • Conveying feelings, opinions, perceptions, and ideas
      • Building and strengthening relationships
      • Enhancing public relations
      • Initiating actions and implementing activities
      • Creating a therapeutic effect
      • Expressing the message to others in a clear and straightforward manner

    Informative Communication

    • Aims to enhance audience understanding of a topic, issue, or process.

    • Takes various forms, including emails, reports, presentations, and training sessions.

    • Main purpose is to convey information factually, providing new learning, enhancing existing knowledge, clarifying concepts, and explaining procedures or systems.

    • Motivations behind informative communication are expanding awareness of the world, growing competence, and a desire to understand how things work and are made.

    • Before creating informative communication, ask yourself:

      • Is your topic noteworthy?
      • What does your audience already know about the topic?
      • Are you sufficiently knowledgeable to help your audience understand the topic?
      • What more does your audience need to know?

    • Quick tips for effective informative communication:

      • Stick to factual information
      • Avoid repetition
      • Clearly convey your message.
      • Analyze your audience
      • Use neutral language
      • Use credible sources
      • Provide varied examples and explanations
      • Select appropriate media for your information

    Persuasive Communication

    • An art of gaining favorable consideration for a point of view.
    • Involves convincing others to support a particular idea.
    • Persuasion involves presenting arguments to motivate, move, or change an audience's opinions.
    • Motivation provides the force or stimulus for change, while persuasion is how you compel an audience to accept your arguments and modify their beliefs or behaviors.
    • Persuasion, according to Richard Perloff (2003), is a symbolic process intended to convince others of an idea with their free choice.
    • Persuasive communication, according to the Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, can include elements like an appealing source, convincing arguments, and relevance to the audience.
    • Principles of persuasive communication (Robert Cialdini):
      • Reciprocity: Expectation of reciprocal exchange of value or services
      • Scarcity: Attraction to rare or exclusive items
      • Authority: Credibility and expertise enhances persuasiveness
      • Commitment and Consistency: Respect for previous commitments when making decisions
      • Consensus: Tendency to follow others' choices
      • Liking: Connection and trust increases effectiveness

    Objectives of Persuasive Communication

    • Stimulate: Strengthening audience beliefs by highlighting facts.
    • Convince: Changing beliefs, attitudes, judgments, and values by addressing potential biases and providing valid arguments.
    • Call to action: Encouraging specific actions, fostering curiosity, solving problems, or presenting various solution options.

    Types of Persuasive Communication

    • Intrapersonal: Convincing yourself
    • Interpersonal: Between close individuals
    • Group: Between people without close bonds
    • Public/Mass: Reaching a broad audience through media (e.g., advertisements, newscasts)

    Argumentative Communication

    • Relies heavily on proof and reasoning to make the listener believe an idea is superior.
    • Presents logical and reasoned explanations of viewpoints.
    • Examples include debates and formal presentations.

    Limitations of Argumentative Communication

    • Time-consuming
    • Emotionally charged
    • Inflexible
    • Not suitable for all individuals or situations
    • Not effective with certain personalities

    Public Speaking

    • Communication of informative, persuasive, and entertaining content to a live audience.
    • Aims to inform, persuade, and influence.
    • Public speaking often involves:
      • Structure
      • Style
      • Impact

    History of Public Speaking

    • Originated in Ancient Greece and Rome.
    • Emphasizing rhetorical skills (persuasion) and praise.
    • Adapted by Roman orators for use during senate proceedings
    • Post-WWII shift towards less formal and conversational styles.
    • Modern usage includes tools like PowerPoint to enhance presentations.

    Components of Great Public Speaking

    • Style: Use of words that are beautiful and aesthetically pleasing to receive and read.
    • Substance: Centralized theme that resonates with and inspires the audience's values and ideals.
    • Impact: Changing opinions, perspectives and motivating actions, creating lasting impressions on the audience

    Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation

    • Structure: Public speaking is highly structured, conversation is more informal.
    • Language: Public speaking usually uses more formal and precise language.
    • Delivery methods differ

    Ways of Delivering a Speech

    • Read/Manuscript: Word-for-word recitation of a written speech.
    • Memorized: Recitation of a previously memorized speech.
    • Impromptu: Spontaneously delivered speech without any preparation.
    • Extemporaneous: Planned and rehearsed speech, but delivered with brief notes.

    Guidelines for Writing a Speech

    • Focus on the topic
    • Develop the topic:
    • Structure the speech logically.
    • Craft an introduction, body, and conclusion.
    • Consider the audience:
    • Include strong points and relevant examples:
    • Include personal elements:
    • Use rhetorical devices
    • End memorably

    Elements of Good Speech Delivery

    • Volume
    • Pitch
    • Rate
    • Pauses
    • Vocal Variety
    • Pronunciation
    • Articulation
    • Movement
    • Gestures
    • Eye Contact

    Tips for Overcoming Speaking Anxiety

    • Acquire speaking experience
    • Thorough preparation
    • Positive self-talk
    • Visualization
    • Understanding that nervousness is typically not visible
    • Setting realistic expectations, avoiding perfectionism.
    • Be at your best physically and mentally
    • Tighten and relax leg muscles or squeeze hands as you wait to speak, to release tension
    • Take slow, deep breaths
    • Focus your energy on the introduction, then the delivery will flow smoothly

    Message Theories

    •  Diffusion of Innovation Theory - Explains how ideas and products gain momentum and spread. Key: perception of innovation
    • Propaganda Theory - Analyzes how media outlets reflect powerful groups' interest and opinions.
    • Agenda-Setting Theory - Explains the influence of media in shaping the public's perception of important Issues.
    • Framing Theory - Explains how the context in which an issue or topic is presented to the audience affects how they perceive and understand the issue.
      • Framing techniques (Fairhurst & Sarr, 1996): Metaphor, stories, tradition, slogan/jargon, artifact, contrast, spin

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    Description

    Test your understanding of the various purposes and forms of communication. This quiz covers topics such as informative communication, relationship building, and persuasive methods. Learn how effective communication can enhance understanding and influence interactions.

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