Punctuation Quiz: Period Use Chapter 6 with Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

When should square brackets be used to enclose material inserted in a quotation by someone other than the original author?

To set off statistics that include parentheses

To enclose values that are the limits of a confidence interval

To specify either of two possibilities

To enclose abbreviations when they appear in parentheses (correct)

In which case should square brackets NOT be used?

Around the year in a narrative citation when it appears in parentheses

To set off phonemes

More than once to express compound units

To enclose a description of form for works in the typical peer-reviewed academic literature (correct)

When should a slash be used?

To set off statistics that include parentheses

To specify either of two possibilities (correct)

To enclose material inserted in a quotation by someone other than the original author

To separate units of measurement without a numeric value

What is the correct use of brackets in mathematical material as per the text?

Parentheses appear within brackets Signup and view all the answers

In which case is it NOT appropriate to use a slash?

When a phrase would be clearer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of square brackets when enclosing abbreviations according to the text?

To enclose abbreviations when they appear in parentheses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to use square brackets according to the APA Manual?

To enclose material added to a quotation for clarification or emphasis Signup and view all the answers

When should a slash (/) be used according to the APA Manual?

The APA Manual does not provide guidance on the use of slashes Signup and view all the answers

How should brackets be used to enclose values in a confidence interval?

Values should be enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [95% CI: 1.2, 3.4] Signup and view all the answers

How should brackets be used to describe the form of a reference list entry?

The form should be enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [Book] Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to use brackets to enclose material added to a quotation?

The material should be enclosed in square brackets Signup and view all the answers

How many spaces should be inserted after a period at the end of a sentence?

One space should be inserted Signup and view all the answers

When should square brackets be used in APA style?

To enclose text within other parentheses to avoid nested parentheses Signup and view all the answers

Which punctuation mark is used to separate elements in a numerical range in APA style?

En dash Signup and view all the answers

How are brackets used to enclose values in a confidence interval in APA style?

Square brackets for both the lower and upper limits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using brackets in a reference list entry in APA style?

To describe the form of the work (e.g., [DVD], [Audiobook]) Signup and view all the answers

When should brackets be used to enclose material in a quotation in APA style?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which punctuation mark should be used to separate elements in a series of three or more items in APA style?

Comma Signup and view all the answers

How should slashes be used in APA style?

To indicate a line break in a quotation Signup and view all the answers

When should parentheses be used to enclose statistics in APA style?

When the statistics do not already contain parentheses Signup and view all the answers

Which punctuation mark should be used to separate independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb in APA style?

Semicolon Signup and view all the answers

When should quotation marks be used to introduce a label in APA style?

Only for the first occurrence of the label Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Period

Use a period to end a complete sentence
Use a period with initials in names (e.g., M.P. Clark)
Use a period or periods in:
- Latin abbreviations (e.g., a.m., cf., e.g., i.e., p.m., vs.)
- Reference abbreviations (e.g., Vol. 1, 2nd ed., p. 6, paras. 11–12, F.Supp.)
- Era designations (e.g., B.C.E., C.E., B.C., A.D.)
- Each element within a reference (except DOIs and URLs)

Period Exceptions

Do not use periods in:
- Abbreviations of state, province, or territory names (e.g., NY; CA; Washington, DC; BC; ON; NSW)
- Capital letter abbreviations and acronyms (e.g., APA, NDA, NIMH, IQ)
- Abbreviations for academic degrees (e.g., PhD, PsyD, EdD, MD, MA, RN, MSW, LCSW)
- Routes of administration (e.g., icv, im, ip, iv, sc)
- Metric and nonmetric measurement abbreviations (e.g., cm, hr, kg, min, ml, s)
- After URLs in the text
- After DOIs or URLs in the reference list

Comma

Use a comma:
- Between elements in a series of three or more items
- After an introductory phrase (if the phrase is short, the comma is optional)
- To set off a nonessential or nonrestrictive clause
- To separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunction
- To separate statistics in the text that already contain parentheses
- To separate two parts of a compound predicate
- To separate groups of three digits in most numbers of 1,000 or more

Comma Exceptions

Do not use a comma:
- Before an essential or restrictive clause
- Between the two parts of a compound predicate
- To separate parts of measurement

Semicolon

Use a semicolon:
- To separate two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction
- To separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb (e.g., however, therefore, nevertheless)
- To separate items in a list that already contain commas
- To separate multiple parenthetical citations
- To separate different types of information in the same set of parentheses

Colon

Use a colon:
- Between a grammatically complete introductory clause and a final phrase or clause that illustrates, extends, or amplifies the preceding thought
- In ratios and proportions

Colon Exceptions

Do not use a colon:
- After an introduction that is not an independent clause or complete sentence

Dash

Use an em dash:
- To set off an element that adds information to the main clause
Use an en dash:
- Between words of equal weight in a compound adjective
- To indicate a numerical range (e.g., page or date range)
Do not use a space before or after an em dash or en dash

Quotation Marks

Use double quotation marks:
- To refer to a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example or as itself
- To present stimuli in the text
- To reproduce material from a test item or verbatim instructions to participants
- To introduce a label
- To set off the title of a periodical article or book chapter when used in the text
Do not use double quotation marks:
- To highlight a key term or phrase (use italics instead)
- To identify the anchors of a scale (use italics instead)
- To refer to a numeral as itself
- To hedge or downplay meaning

Parentheses

Use parentheses:
- To set off structurally independent elements
- To set off in-text citations
- To introduce an abbreviation in the text
- To set off letters that identify items in a list within a sentence or paragraph
- To group mathematical expressions
- To enclose numbers that identify displayed formulas and equations
- To enclose statistical values that do not already contain parentheses
- To enclose degrees of freedom
Do not use parentheses:
- To enclose text within other parentheses (use square brackets instead)
- To enclose statistics that already contain parentheses (use a comma instead)

Square Brackets

Use square brackets:
- To enclose parenthetical material that is already in parentheses
- To enclose abbreviations when the abbreviated term appears in parentheses
- To enclose values that are the limits of a confidence interval
- To enclose material inserted in a quotation by someone other than the original author
- To enclose a description of form for some works in a reference list entry
Do not use square brackets:
- To set off statistics that already include parentheses
- Around the year in a narrative citation when the sentence containing the narrative citation appears in parentheses

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Test your knowledge of when to use periods in writing, specifically focusing on Latin abbreviations, reference abbreviations, and other cases. Practice identifying where periods are required or not required in different contexts.

Punctuation Chapter 6: Period Use Quiz

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