Pump
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of priming a pump?

  • To fill the pump chamber with liquid before operation (correct)
  • To measure the pressure difference across the pump
  • To create a continuous flow of liquid
  • To increase the temperature of the pump

What phenomenon can occur due to vapour bubbles bursting inside a pump?

  • Increased efficiency of the pump
  • Cavitation, causing pump damage (correct)
  • Reduced pressure difference
  • Continuous flow improvement

What does throttling refer to in pump operations?

  • Completely opening the discharge valve
  • Increasing the pressure difference across the pump
  • Slowly closing the discharge valve to decrease flow (correct)
  • Operating a pump under no load

What can deadheading a pump potentially cause?

<p>Line ruptures or reduced pump life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by differential pressure in the context of pumps?

<p>The pressure difference driving liquid flow through the pump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump is primarily designed to deliver a fixed quantity with each stroke or cycle?

<p>Positive displacement pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily governs the selection of a pump type for transferring sensitive products?

<p>Physical and chemical properties of the material to be transferred (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of a food product like mayonnaise changes as shear rate increases?

<p>Viscosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hot water particularly challenging to pump?

<p>It has no lubricating qualities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of positive displacement pump?

<p>Centrifugal pump (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which centrifugal pumps deliver fluids?

<p>Centrifugal or rotational force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done before a centrifugal pump can operate effectively?

<p>Prime the pump with liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the flow rate of a centrifugal pump when the outlet valve is adjusted?

<p>It can be controlled or varied (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of liquids are centrifugal pumps best suited for?

<p>Watery liquids and those with suspended solids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of centrifugal pumps regarding viscosity?

<p>They operate best with liquids having less than 300 cP viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the operation of a centrifugal pump, what does the impeller do?

<p>Throws liquid outwards towards the outlet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if vapor bubbles form inside a centrifugal pump?

<p>Cavitation damage may occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to keep the inlet valve of a centrifugal pump open once it is primed?

<p>To allow continuous flow and prevent air from entering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that allows rotary pumps to function effectively in pumping viscous fluids?

<p>Interlocking rotors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a rotary gear pump from other pump types?

<p>It has stationary casings and rotating gear wheels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the liquid in a rotary gear pump as the rotors turn?

<p>It is caught between the teeth of the rotors and casing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of rotary pumps regarding the types of liquids they can effectively handle?

<p>They struggle with liquids that lack lubricating properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do rotary gear pumps experience fewer problems with cavitation?

<p>They maintain a high pressure during use (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of applications are rotary gear pumps particularly useful due to their generated pressures?

<p>Membrane filtration systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of rotary pumps utilizes semi-interlocking mechanisms?

<p>Gear pumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable advantage of rotary pumps over reciprocating pumps in terms of flow?

<p>They can achieve higher flow rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a peristaltic pump?

<p>To transport fluids using positive displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using peristaltic pumps?

<p>They minimize shear forces experienced by the fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario are peristaltic pumps particularly beneficial?

<p>When cross-contamination of fluids must be avoided (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the compression process in a peristaltic pump affect the fluid?

<p>It occludes the tube, forcing fluid movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are peristaltic pumps considered easy to clean and sterilize?

<p>Only the tube comes into contact with the fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of peristaltic pumps contributes to their lower cost of maintenance?

<p>Their design eliminates the need for valves and seals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rotor forms are available for rotary lobe pumps?

<p>Bi-wing and multi-lobe options (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is fluid flow induced in a peristaltic pump during operation?

<p>By the natural reopening of the tube after compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a piston pump's operation?

<p>It expels liquid only during the delivery stroke. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of flow is typically produced by a piston pump?

<p>Pulsed flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a diaphragm pump from a piston pump?

<p>Fluid does not come into contact with the pump mechanism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the choice of diaphragm material important in diaphragm pumps?

<p>It ensures compatibility with the fluid being pumped. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can pulsed flow be mitigated when using reciprocating pumps?

<p>By utilizing double acting reciprocating pumps. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industry are diaphragm pumps frequently used, and why?

<p>Pharmaceutical, to prevent contamination of products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using reciprocating pumps?

<p>They can generate high pressures suitable for various applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of diaphragm pumps minimizes the risk of pump corrosion?

<p>The isolation of the fluid from the pump mechanism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major advantage of using a double-acting diaphragm pump over a single-acting one?

<p>It allows for continuous, non-pulsed flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might pulsed flow be undesirable in certain applications?

<p>It can result in inaccurate delivery of set volumes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence if a reciprocating pump experiences deadheading?

<p>It can cause catastrophic pipe or pump ruptures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do diaphragm pumps differ from piston pumps in the pharmaceutical industry?

<p>Diaphragm pumps provide better protection against corrosion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of reciprocating pumps can make them less suitable for certain liquids?

<p>They have slower flow rates compared to centrifugal pumps. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the operational principle of a single-acting diaphragm pump?

<p>Liquid is drawn in during the suction stroke and expelled during the delivery stroke. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of liquids are reciprocating pumps typically unsuitable for?

<p>Liquids with high viscosity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the initial suction stroke in a diaphragm pump?

<p>The diaphragm flexes to draw in fluid from the chamber. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context are safety relief valves particularly important in reciprocating pumps?

<p>To avert pressure increases that could rupture components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effective method to prevent the dangerous build-up of static electricity in pumps?

<p>Earthing the pump or pipeline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should an operator report immediately when observing unusual signs from a working pump?

<p>Excessive heat generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can occur if operators do not follow specified operational procedures for pumps?

<p>Increased wear and tear on the pump (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to choose the correct type of pump for a specific operation?

<p>To prevent hazardous situations and ensure efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is most likely to pose a risk of static electricity in a pumping system?

<p>Transferring flammable or explosive materials through pipelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pump Priming

Filling a pump chamber with liquid before operation.

Pulsed Flow

Pumping liquid in short, repeated bursts.

Cavitation

Pump damage caused by vapour bubbles bursting.

Differential Pressure

The pressure difference that drives fluid flow through a pump.

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Deadheading a pump

Operating a pump with the discharge valve completely closed.

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What governs the pump type?

The physical and chemical properties of the material being transferred, its shear sensitivity, and viscosity, as well as process conditions like flow rate, volume, and pressure.

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Shear Sensitive Products

Products that can be damaged by high shear forces, like eggs, custard, or chocolate mousse.

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Viscosity and Shear Rate

Some materials change viscosity depending on the shear rate, like mayonnaise becoming less viscous at higher shear rates.

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Centrifugal Pumps

Pumps that use a rotating impeller to create centrifugal force, pushing fluid outward.

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Positive Displacement Pumps

Pumps that move a fixed volume of fluid with each stroke or rotation, regardless of pressure.

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Priming a Centrifugal Pump

Filling the pump chamber with liquid before starting it. Essential for the impeller to work properly and avoid damage by spinning in air.

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High Flow Rate

Centrifugal pumps can move large volumes of liquid quickly.

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Viscous Liquids

Thick, sticky liquids, like honey or syrup, are difficult for centrifugal pumps to handle efficiently.

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What affects a centrifugal pump's efficiency?

The viscosity of the liquid is a key factor. Thick liquids may be hard to pump efficiently.

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Why is priming a centrifugal pump important?

Without priming, the impeller spins in air, causing damage and preventing the pump from working properly.

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Centrifugal Pump Application

They are used in many industries, especially where high volumes of liquid need to be moved quickly.

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Rotary Pump

A pump that uses rotating components like gears or screws to move liquids. It draws in a specific volume of liquid and then expels it.

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Rotary Pump Advantages

Rotary pumps are great for handling thick liquids due to their lack of valves and low shear rate. They are also good at generating high pressures.

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Gear Pump Operation

In a gear pump, two interlocked gears rotate within a casing. As they turn, pockets of liquid are trapped between the gear teeth and the casing, moving the liquid from inlet to outlet.

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Rotary Pump Priming

Rotary gear pumps are self-priming, meaning they don't need to be filled with liquid before starting.

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Rotary Pump Flow

Rotary pumps create a steady, smooth flow of liquid. They can handle higher flow rates than reciprocating pumps due to their fast rotor speeds.

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Rotary Pump Cavitation Issues

Rotary pumps experience minimal cavitation issues since they operate at a high pressure during regular use.

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Limitations of Rotary Pumps

Rotary pumps aren't suitable for pumping slurries or liquids with no lubricating properties. Solid particles can damage the gears, and lack of lubrication causes wear and tear.

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Rotary Pump Applications

Rotary gear pumps are useful for high-pressure applications like membrane filtration systems.

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Rotary Lobe Pump

A type of positive displacement pump that uses rotating lobes to move fluid. The lobes mesh together without contact, creating a sealed space where fluid is moved.

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Peristaltic Pump

A pump that uses a flexible tube squeezed by rollers to move fluid. The tube is compressed, forcing fluid forward, then relaxes, drawing more fluid in.

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Peristaltic Pump Advantages

Peristaltic pumps are easy to sterilize, inexpensive to manufacture and maintain, and minimize shear forces on the fluid.

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How does a Lobe Pump move fluid?

The lobes rotate within a housing, creating a sealed space that traps and moves fluid as they rotate.

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Why are Peristaltic pumps used for delicate fluids?

They minimize shear forces, reducing the risk of damaging sensitive substances.

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What is the key feature of a Peristaltic pump?

A flexible tube that is compressed and relaxed by rollers to move fluid.

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What are some applications of Peristaltic pumps?

They are used for delicate fluids like IV fluids, aggressive chemicals, and high solids slurries.

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How is fluid moved in a Peristaltic pump?

The rollers compress the tube, forcing fluid forward. As the tube relaxes, it draws more fluid in.

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What are reciprocating pumps used for?

Reciprocating pumps are generally used when high pressures are required and can handle clean, watery liquids, viscous liquids, and even liquids with abrasive solids.

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Types of Reciprocating Pumps

The two main types of reciprocating pumps are the piston pump and the diaphragm pump.

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Piston Pump

A piston pump works like a bicycle pump: it draws liquid in on the suction stroke and pushes it out on the delivery stroke, creating a pulsed flow.

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Diaphragm Pump

A diaphragm pump is like a piston pump, but with a flexible diaphragm separating the fluid from the piston. This protects the pump from corrosive liquids and contamination.

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What is a pulsed flow?

A pulsed flow is a flow pattern where liquid is pushed out in short, repeated bursts instead of a continuous stream.

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How to achieve a more even flow?

For a more even flow, use two reciprocating pumps working in sync, or use a double-acting reciprocating pump.

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What is the advantage of a diaphragm pump?

Diaphragm pumps can pump liquids with suspended particles (slurries) without contamination, making them suitable for the pharmaceutical industry.

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How does a diaphragm pump work?

The piston moves, pulling liquid into the pump chamber on the suction stroke. This causes the diaphragm to flex, drawing in the liquid.

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Diaphragm Pump Action

A diaphragm pump uses a flexible diaphragm to draw in liquid on the suction stroke and expel it on the delivery stroke.

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Single-Acting Diaphragm Pump

This type of pump has one inlet and one outlet valve. Liquid is drawn in and expelled with each stroke of the piston, creating a pulsed flow.

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Double-Acting Diaphragm Pump

This pump features two inlet and outlet valves, allowing for continuous flow by switching valves on each piston stroke.

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Flow Rate in Reciprocating Pumps

Reciprocating pumps deliver lower flow rates but offer precise volume control, making them suitable for chemical addition in processes.

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Cavitation in Diaphragm Pumps

While cavitation can occur, it primarily affects the diaphragm, unlike other pumps with multiple sensitive components.

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Diaphragm Pump Portability

Diaphragm pumps can operate with compressed air, making them more portable than electrically powered pumps.

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Diaphragm Pumps in Pharmaceuticals

Diaphragm pumps are preferred for pharmaceuticals due to their gentle handling of liquids and protection of moving parts from corrosion.

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Reciprocating Pump Maintenance

Regular maintenance is essential for reciprocating pumps, as damage can impact both product quality and pump functionality.

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Static Electricity in Pipelines

The movement of fluids and materials through pipelines and pumps can generate static electricity, leading to a buildup of dangerous voltages.

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Earthing Pumps and Pipelines

To prevent static electricity buildup, pumps and pipelines are connected to earth (ground) using a copper cable. This allows the electricity to drain harmlessly.

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Operator Alert Signs

Pump operators must report any unusual signs like excessive heat, smoke, leaks, vibration, or knocking noises to their supervisor immediately.

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Following Operational Procedures

Always follow the specific operational procedures for each type of pump. Different pumps are designed for different applications.

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Why Are Different Pumps Used?

Different pumps are designed for specific purposes based on the fluid being pumped, its properties (like viscosity), and the required flow rate and pressure.

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Study Notes

Pump Priming

  • Priming is necessary for some pumps.
  • It involves filling the pump chamber with the liquid before operation.
  • Priming replaces air with liquid in the pump's chamber.
  • Incorrect priming can prevent some pumps from working.

Pump Flow Characteristics

  • Pulsed flow: pump liquid flow that stops and starts periodically.
  • Vapour bubbles: liquids pumped at low pressure can create vapour bubbles.
  • Cavitation: bursting vapour bubbles inside the pump can cause significant damage.

Pump Pressure and Flow Control

  • Differential pressure: the pressure difference across a pump drives the liquid flow.
  • Throttling: slowly closing a valve on a pump's discharge reduces flow.
  • Dead-heading: operating a pump with the discharge valve fully closed.
  • Dead-heading can damage some pumps or cause piping failures.

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Description

This quiz explores the essential principles of pump operation, including priming, flow characteristics, and pressure control methods. Understand the importance of proper priming and the impact of various flow dynamics on pump performance. Test your knowledge on how different conditions can affect pump functionality.

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