Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of pulmonary hypoplasia?
Which of the following is the primary characteristic of pulmonary hypoplasia?
- Normal development of the lungs
- Excessive growth of lung tissue
- Reduced number and size of alveoli (correct)
- Increased number and size of alveoli
What is the most direct effect of oligohydramnios on fetal lung development?
What is the most direct effect of oligohydramnios on fetal lung development?
- Strengthening of the diaphragm
- Increased blood flow to the lungs
- Restriction of chest expansion (correct)
- Overproduction of amniotic fluid
In congenital diaphragmatic hernia, how do abdominal organs typically affect lung development?
In congenital diaphragmatic hernia, how do abdominal organs typically affect lung development?
- They increase the surface area for gas exchange
- They compress the lungs, hindering development (correct)
- They directly stimulate alveolar growth
- They have no impact on lung development
Which of the following clinical signs would most likely be observed in a newborn with pulmonary hypoplasia?
Which of the following clinical signs would most likely be observed in a newborn with pulmonary hypoplasia?
What is the primary goal of managing a newborn diagnosed with pulmonary hypoplasia?
What is the primary goal of managing a newborn diagnosed with pulmonary hypoplasia?
A prenatal ultrasound reveals that a fetus has small lung size. Which condition is this most indicative of?
A prenatal ultrasound reveals that a fetus has small lung size. Which condition is this most indicative of?
Which of these conditions is LEAST likely to cause pulmonary hypoplasia?
Which of these conditions is LEAST likely to cause pulmonary hypoplasia?
A newborn presents with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Imaging reveals small, underdeveloped lungs. What is the MOST appropriate initial step in managing this infant?
A newborn presents with respiratory distress and cyanosis. Imaging reveals small, underdeveloped lungs. What is the MOST appropriate initial step in managing this infant?
What underlying mechanism links oligohydramnios to the development of pulmonary hypoplasia?
What underlying mechanism links oligohydramnios to the development of pulmonary hypoplasia?
Surgical correction would most likely be required as a component of the treatment strategy for pulmonary hypoplasia caused by which condition?
Surgical correction would most likely be required as a component of the treatment strategy for pulmonary hypoplasia caused by which condition?
Flashcards
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Incomplete lung development with reduced alveoli number and size.
Oligohydramnios & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Reduced amniotic fluid restricts fetal chest expansion, leading to lung underdevelopment.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Abdominal organs compress the lungs in the thoracic cavity in fetus.
Thoracic Abnormalities & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Thoracic Abnormalities & Pulmonary Hypoplasia
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Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Clinical Features
Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Clinical Features
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Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Diagnosis
Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Diagnosis
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Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Management
Pulmonary Hypoplasia: Management
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Study Notes
- Pulmonary hypoplasia is incomplete lung development
- It is characterised by a reduced number and size of alveoli
Pathogenesis
- Pulmonary hypoplasia is caused by factors that compress the developing lungs or limit their growth
- Oligohydramnios (Potter sequence) can cause it, where decreased amniotic fluid restricts chest expansion
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia can cause it, where abdominal organs herniate into the thoracic cavity, compressing the lungs
- Thoracic abnormalities like skeletal dysplasia, and thoracic masses can cause it
Clinical Features
- Respiratory distress at birth is a sign
- Cyanosis and tachypnoea are signs
Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis involves prenatal ultrasound showing small lung size
- Postnatal imaging (X-ray, CT) is used in diagnosis
- Management includes supportive care like oxygen and ventilation
- Addressing the underlying cause like surgical correction of diaphragmatic hernia is used in management
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