Pulmonary Hypertension and Systemic Venous Congestion
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of rupture of dilated and congested capillaries in the lung?

  • Minute intra-alveolar haemorrhages (correct)
  • Cardiac cirrhosis
  • Centrilobular fibrosis
  • Pulmonary oedema

    • Which zone of the liver lobule bears the most hypoxic injury?

  • Zone 3 (centrilobular zone) (correct)
  • Zone 4 (pericentral zone)
  • Zone 1 (periportal zone)
  • Zone 2 (midzonal zone)

    • What is the outcome of long-standing centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis in the liver?

  • Centrilobular fibrosis
  • Cardiac cirrhosis (correct)
  • Haemorrhagic necrosis
  • Pulmonary oedema

    • What is the characteristic appearance of the cut surface of the liver in systemic venous congestion?

    <p>Mottled appearance with red and yellow patches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of chronic hypoxia in the peripheral zone of the liver lobule?

    <p>Fatty change in hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the escape of blood from a blood vessel?

    <p>Haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of infarcts due to arterial occlusion?

    <p>Pale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cerebral infarcts?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inflammatory reaction at the periphery of an infarct?

    <p>Necrotic area eventually replaced by fibrous scar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pulmonary infarcts?

    <p>Never become pale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of old infarcts?

    <p>Shrunken and depressed under surface of organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of recent infarcts?

    <p>Slightly elevated over organ surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for passive congestive dilatation of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous drainage?

    <p>Chronic Venous Congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for obstruction to venous outflow from an organ or part of the body?

    <p>Local Venous Congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for engorgement of veins in left-sided and right-sided heart failure and diseases of lungs that interfere with pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Systemic Venous Congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in left-sided heart failure due to mechanical overload in aortic stenosis or weakened left ventricular wall in myocardial infarction?

    <p>Pulmonary Congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for accumulation of venous blood in affected tissue or organ, which appears blue due to cyanosis?

    <p>Venous Congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for fluid accumulation upstream to a specific chamber of the heart initially affected in heart failure?

    <p>Cardiac Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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