18 Questions
What is the result of rupture of dilated and congested capillaries in the lung?
Minute intra-alveolar haemorrhages
Which zone of the liver lobule bears the most hypoxic injury?
Zone 3 (centrilobular zone)
What is the outcome of long-standing centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis in the liver?
Cardiac cirrhosis
What is the characteristic appearance of the cut surface of the liver in systemic venous congestion?
Mottled appearance with red and yellow patches
What is the result of chronic hypoxia in the peripheral zone of the liver lobule?
Fatty change in hepatocytes
What is the term for the escape of blood from a blood vessel?
Haemorrhage
What is the characteristic of infarcts due to arterial occlusion?
Pale
What is the characteristic of cerebral infarcts?
Liquefactive necrosis
What is the result of inflammatory reaction at the periphery of an infarct?
Necrotic area eventually replaced by fibrous scar tissue
What is the characteristic of pulmonary infarcts?
Never become pale
What is the characteristic of old infarcts?
Shrunken and depressed under surface of organ
What is the characteristic of recent infarcts?
Slightly elevated over organ surface
What is the term used for passive congestive dilatation of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous drainage?
Chronic Venous Congestion
What is the term used for obstruction to venous outflow from an organ or part of the body?
Local Venous Congestion
What is the term used for engorgement of veins in left-sided and right-sided heart failure and diseases of lungs that interfere with pulmonary blood flow?
Systemic Venous Congestion
What occurs in left-sided heart failure due to mechanical overload in aortic stenosis or weakened left ventricular wall in myocardial infarction?
Pulmonary Congestion
What is the term used for accumulation of venous blood in affected tissue or organ, which appears blue due to cyanosis?
Venous Congestion
What is the term used for fluid accumulation upstream to a specific chamber of the heart initially affected in heart failure?
Cardiac Cirrhosis
This quiz covers the concepts of pulmonary hypertension, systemic venous congestion, and their effects on organ morphology. It includes details on the mechanisms involved and the changes observed in lung gross and histology.
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