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Pulmonary Hypertension and Systemic Venous Congestion

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Pulmonary Hypertension and Systemic Venous Congestion

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of rupture of dilated and congested capillaries in the lung?

Minute intra-alveolar haemorrhages (correct)

Cardiac cirrhosis

Centrilobular fibrosis

Pulmonary oedema

Which zone of the liver lobule bears the most hypoxic injury?

Zone 3 (centrilobular zone) (correct)

Zone 4 (pericentral zone)

Zone 1 (periportal zone)

Zone 2 (midzonal zone)

What is the outcome of long-standing centrilobular haemorrhagic necrosis in the liver?

Centrilobular fibrosis

Cardiac cirrhosis (correct)

Haemorrhagic necrosis

Pulmonary oedema

What is the characteristic appearance of the cut surface of the liver in systemic venous congestion?

Mottled appearance with red and yellow patches Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic hypoxia in the peripheral zone of the liver lobule?

Fatty change in hepatocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the escape of blood from a blood vessel?

Haemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of infarcts due to arterial occlusion?

Pale Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cerebral infarcts?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inflammatory reaction at the periphery of an infarct?

Necrotic area eventually replaced by fibrous scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pulmonary infarcts?

Never become pale Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of old infarcts?

Shrunken and depressed under surface of organ Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of recent infarcts?

Slightly elevated over organ surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for passive congestive dilatation of veins and capillaries due to impaired venous drainage?

Chronic Venous Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for obstruction to venous outflow from an organ or part of the body?

Local Venous Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for engorgement of veins in left-sided and right-sided heart failure and diseases of lungs that interfere with pulmonary blood flow?

Systemic Venous Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in left-sided heart failure due to mechanical overload in aortic stenosis or weakened left ventricular wall in myocardial infarction?

Pulmonary Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for accumulation of venous blood in affected tissue or organ, which appears blue due to cyanosis?

Venous Congestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for fluid accumulation upstream to a specific chamber of the heart initially affected in heart failure?

Cardiac Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers