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Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale Quiz

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Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of endothelin 1 in pulmonary hypertension?

It is a key mediator and vasoconstrictor. (correct)

It promotes nitric oxide production.

It acts as a vasodilator.

It decreases pulmonary vascular resistance.

In which conditions is endothelin 1 known to be increased?

Hypertension and diabetes.

Acute myocardial infarction and stroke.

Cor pulmonale and left heart failure. (correct)

Chronic bronchitis and asthma.

What is the effect of nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary hypertension?

It is increased to promote blood flow.

It is decreased, leading to less vasodilation. (correct)

It enhances vasoconstriction.

It has no effect on pulmonary pressure.

What findings are commonly associated with cor pulmonale?

<p>Loud P2 and tricuspid regurgitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?

<p>It acts as an endothelin 1 receptor antagonist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Endothelin-1 and its Role

Endothelin-1 functions as a potent vasoconstrictor involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension.
Levels of endothelin-1 are elevated in conditions such as cor pulmonale and left heart failure.
Bosentan serves as an antagonist to endothelin-1 receptors, reducing vasoconstriction effects.

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Nitric oxide synthase levels are reduced in pulmonary hypertension, contributing to increased vasoconstriction.
The decrease in nitric oxide synthesis is clinically relevant since nitric oxide is a known vasodilator.

Cor Pulmonale Findings

A prominent loud P2 is a distinctive clinical finding in patients with cor pulmonale, indicating increased pressure in the right heart.
Tricuspid regurgitation is another significant finding in cor pulmonale, often resulting from right ventricular pressure overload.
These findings are highlighted as high-yield (HY) for medical examinations, including the USMLE.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key mediators of pulmonary hypertension, focusing on the roles of endothelin 1 and nitric oxide. This quiz covers important clinical findings such as loud P2 and tricuspid regurgitation in cor pulmonale, along with pharmacological treatments like bosentan.