Public Health Concepts Quiz

Mortality

• Mortality is the number of deaths in a specific group of people or from a specific disease over a specific time period, usually one year
• Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths in the first year of life per 1000 live births

Morbidity

• Morbidity is the patterns of illness, disease, and injury that don't result in death

Epidemiology

• Epidemiology is the study of the patterns and causes of health and disease in populations
• Epidemiology is used to improve health

Life Expectancy

• Life expectancy is the length of time a person is expected to live

Determinants

• Determinants are factors that decisively affect the nature or outcome of something

Healthy Ageing

• Healthy ageing involves decreasing risk factors for disease
• Healthy ageing involves preventing the progression of disease after its onset
• Healthy ageing involves reducing morbidity and mortality
• The goal of healthy ageing is to enable the elderly to maintain their health into old age
• Healthy ageing allows the elderly to contribute to the workforce longer and engage in society better
• Healthy Ageing increases economic growth and decreases the use of health services by the elderly

Chronic Disease and Disability

• Chronic disease and disability are more prevalent in the elderly
• Chronic diseases and disabilities can lead to debilitating conditions

Access to Healthcare

• Access to healthcare can be affected by:
  • Income
  • Knowledge of available services
  • Geographic location
    • Rural areas have limited access to specific services
  • Cultural and religious beliefs
  • Shortages of qualified staff
  • Lack of funding or equipment
  • Patient waiting lists for surgery or other treatments in public hospitals
  • Waiting times in outpatient clinics or emergency departments

Socioeconomic Disadvantages

• Socioeconomically disadvantaged people have less access to:
  • Services which are not covered by Medicare, e.g. allied health services (physiotherapist, psychologist)

Healthcare Expenditure

• Early intervention and prevention are important to reduce morbidity and mortality rates
• Health-care expenditure is often higher than expenditure on early intervention and prevention
• Health-care expenditure is steadily increasing and will continue to increase if there is a focus on ‘curative’ medicine

Keyhole Surgery

• Keyhole surgery is a type of non-invasive surgery that allows the surgeon to perform a procedure inside the body through small incisions in the skin
• Keyhole surgery reduces pain, shortens hospital stays, and speeds up recovery times
• Keyhole surgery can lead to lower rates of complications
• Keyhole surgery can be performed with greater accuracy and less risk

### Carcinogen

• A substance, organism, or agent capable of causing cancer

Tumour

• An abnormal mass of cells in the body
• Can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous)
• Malignant tumours contain cells that grow out of control and can invade surrounding tissue

Arteriosclerosis

• The thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

Carcinoma

• A type of cancer that forms in epithelial tissue

Metastasis

• The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body

Remission

• A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer

Sarcoma

• A tumour that occurs in the bones and soft tissues

Dementia

• Loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life

Test your knowledge on key concepts in public health, including mortality, morbidity, and life expectancy. This quiz explores the determinants of health and the principles of epidemiology, as well as healthy ageing strategies. Enhance your understanding of how these factors influence population health.