PTO 101 Study Theme 3: The State and Politics

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Which of the following realms of social life is characterized by universal egoism according to the text?

Civil society

Which approach to the state emphasizes the pursuit of the 'common good'?

Idealist approach

Who is associated with the idealist approach to the state as discussed in the text?

G.W.F Hegel

The developmental period of the modern state from 1789 to 1974 is characterized as:

Expansion (Global)

In the context of the state, what does civil society prioritize?

'Universal egoism'

Which foundational political organization is noted as having an early form of centralised bureaucracy according to the text?

China

What is the core function of a minimal state as described in the text?

Enforcing contracts between private citizens

Who primarily advocated for the concept of the minimal state, as mentioned in the text?

New Right

Which term best describes the ideology of 'push back the frontiers of the state' as advocated by Hayek and Friedman?

Reduce state involvement in the economy

What distinguishes a social-democratic state from a developmental state as discussed in the text?

Intervention for broad social restructuring

Which countries are cited as examples of developmental states in the text?

Japan and Germany

What is NOT a responsibility typically assigned to a minimal state?

Promoting social welfare programs

Which theory suggests that the state is a neutral actor?

Social-contract theory

Which economic structure is inseparable from the state according to the capitalist state theory?

The economic structure of society

Which feminist perspective argues that the state reflects a deeper structure of patriarchal oppression?

Radical feminists

Which role of the state do classical liberals advocate for?

Minimal state

Which theory views the state as a self-serving 'monster' intent on expansion?

The leviathan state theory

Which role of the state emphasizes economic development and modernization?

Developmental state

What is the primary focus of a totalitarian state?

Intervening in every aspect of human existence

Which country is NOT mentioned as an example of a totalitarian state in the text?

Spain

What is a key characteristic of religious states according to the text?

Viewing religion as the basis of politics

Which statement best describes the goal of radical religious movements mentioned in the text?

Seize control of the state for moral and spiritual regeneration

What is a common aspect between totalitarian states and religious states?

Expanding state control over various spheres of life

Which concept goes against the idea of a totalitarian state according to the text?

Embracing pluralism

Which model views the state as a means to enlarge equality and liberty?

Social-democratic model

Which type of state focuses on the just distribution of wealth rather than the generation of wealth?

Social-democratic state

Which type of state is characterized by a command economy?

Collectivized state

Which model envisions the state 'withering away'?

Classical Marxism

Which type of state intervenes in economic life to guide or support a largely private economy?

Social-democratic states and developmental states

Which type of state is based on a fundamental socialist preference for common ownership rather than private property?

Collectivized state

Explore the concept of the state and its role in politics according to Heywood 2019, from its earliest form in China to modern restructuring. Delve into different approaches to understanding the state as an abstract entity, instrument of coercion, or a set of institutions.

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