Psychrophiles and Psychrotrophs Adaptation to Low Temperatures
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Questions and Answers

Where do psychrophiles grow well?

  • At 20°C
  • At 35°C
  • At 0°C (correct)
  • At 25°C

What is a characteristic of psychrotrophs in terms of growth temperature?

  • Optimal growth between 55°C and 65°C
  • Optimal growth at 40°C
  • Growth maxima at 15°C
  • Can grow at 0°C (correct)

What is a characteristic of mesophiles in terms of growth temperature?

  • Growth maxima at 70°C
  • Optimal growth at 15°C (correct)
  • Growth minima around 45°C
  • Majority are responsible for food spoilage in refrigerators

Where would you most likely find thermophiles growing?

<p>Hot springs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range for alkalophiles that grow best?

<p>pH 8.5 to 11.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is buffering the culture medium important when dealing with sudden pH changes?

<p>To prevent damage to the plasma membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do autotrophs use as their sole source of carbon?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic substances?

<p>Chemolithotrophs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the dry weight of a bacterial cell is composed of nitrogen?

<p>14% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic ion stabilizes ribosomes, cell membranes, nucleic acids, and serves as a co-factor for enzymes?

<p>Magnesium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chemoorganotrophs utilize for their carbon source?

<p>Organic substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria utilizes light as their source of energy?

<p>Photoorganotrophs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major focus of taxonomy in microbiology?

<p>Organizing and classifying living things based on similarities and differences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

<p>DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identification in microbiology?

<p>Describing key features of microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the exchange of genetic information among bacteria?

<p>Replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria primarily concerned with?

<p>Providing guidelines for naming microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In microbiology, what does the term 'biogenesis' refer to?

<p>Theory that living organisms arise from preexisting life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference in the periplasm of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>Gram-negative bacteria have periplasm between the cell wall and outer membrane, while Gram-positive bacteria have periplasm between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do periplasmic proteins play in bacterial cells?

<p>Transport, degradation, and motility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is unique to bacterial cell walls?

<p>Peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Mycoplasma bacteria differ from other bacteria in terms of cell wall?

<p>Mycoplasma bacteria have no cell wall and therefore have no definite shape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the rigid structure of peptidoglycan provide for prokaryotic cells?

<p>Shape, protection from the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which compartment can free exchange of molecules occur in bacterial cells?

<p>Cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using chemical agents on living tissue and inanimate objects?

<p>To control the growth of microbes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using hydrogen peroxide in healthcare and hospitals?

<p>To reduce microbial population to safe levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may a single disinfection not be appropriate for all circumstances?

<p>It may not eliminate all microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in selecting a disinfectant or antiseptic according to the text?

<p>The nature of the material being disinfected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants based on their application?

<p>Antiseptics are applied to kill disease-causing microorganisms on broken skins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to read the label on a disinfectant or antiseptic product?

<p>To understand its effectiveness against specific microbes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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