Psychotropes et Anxiolytiques

Study Notes

Etymology: Psycho (relating to feelings and thoughts), trope (tendency): Modifying the psyche, sedative/stimulant properties.
Classification: Psycholeptics (sedatives): Anxiolytics, hypnotics, neuroleptics; Psychoanaleptics (boosting mental tone): Thymoanaleptics (antidepressants), nooanaleptics (e.g., amphetamines); Psychodysleptics (disturbing mental activity): Hallucinogens, psychoactive substances.
Anxiety Mechanisms: Neurotransmitter imbalances are key. GABA (increased activity leads to decreased brain hyperactivity associated with anxiety); Serotonin (increased levels reduce anxiety); Norepinephrine (a precursor to dopamine, synthesized from tyrosine).
Neurotransmitter Synthesis Issues: Tyrosine and tryptophan compete for transport through the blood-brain barrier. Tyrosine converts to norepinephrine and then dopamine, while tryptophan leads to serotonin. Magnesium aids in storing these neurotransmitters in vesicles.
Anxiolytics: Used to treat anxiety; not a cure.
- Indications: Treating anxiety, which may or may not be connected to an underlying condition; Short-term relief. Important to limit use to 12 weeks for preventing dependence. Tapering off for discontinuing treatment to avoid relapses.

Dosage Guidelines: Standard doses are typically around 5mg, taken 2-3 times daily with meals.
Administration: Swallow whole with water.
Missed Doses: If a dose is missed by more than two hours, take it immediately; if more than two hours have passed, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule on the next scheduled dose.
Important Considerations (during treatment): Excessive drowsiness, confusion, significant changes in behavior, and breathing difficulties should be reported.
Dosage for Diazepam: 15-30mg daily, split into 2-3 doses.
Severe Overdose: Activated charcoal can be beneficial as a treatment.
Important Warnings: Avoid alcohol consumption while taking anxiolytics. Do not operate machinery or drive, and consult your doctor before starting treatment or for pregnancy related considerations.