Psychotherapy Introduction Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the average effect size for psychotherapy according to meta-analyses?

.6 (correct)

What does NNT stand for in the context of psychotherapy?

New Normal Therapy

Number Needed to Treat (correct)

Network Number Treatment

Neutralizing Negative Treatment

In a study with an ARR calculated as 0.15, what is the NNT for psychotherapy?

7 (correct)

What is implied by the Dodo Bird Debate in psychotherapy?

All therapies are equally effective if core components are present. Signup and view all the answers

How does psychotherapy compare to some evidence-based medical interventions?

It is more effective. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of core components in psychotherapy?

They ensure all therapies produce similar outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Why might different therapeutic approaches apply the same techniques differently?

Based on the patient's unique situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does ARR represent in psychotherapy outcomes?

Absolute Risk Reduction Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the purpose of psychotherapy?

To assist people in modifying their behaviors and emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychotherapy is true?

Patients generally see better outcomes with therapy than without it Signup and view all the answers

Which professionals are licensed to conduct psychotherapy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is one action that a psychotherapist would perform as part of their practice?

Conduct patient assessments Signup and view all the answers

According to research, how does psychotherapy compare to medication?

It is equally effective but lasts longer Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential element of psychotherapy as described in the content?

Unstructured and safe environment for interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is often a misconception about psychotherapy?

It doesn't require a licensed professional Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the application of psychotherapy principles?

Psychotherapy helps individuals in ways they find desirable Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the therapist within the psychodynamic framework?

To address and repair the emotional influences of previous relationships Signup and view all the answers

Freud's original approach for treating OCD focused on which method?

Exposing patients to anxiety-provoking situations Signup and view all the answers

In the context of psychodynamic therapy, what is likely a result of a split between love and hatred during early development?

Persistent and growing sadism not acknowledged by the individual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes how a psychodynamic therapist addresses maladaptive defenses?

They work to bring these defenses into consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

What type of questions might a psychodynamic therapist ask to explore a patient's underlying feelings about rituals?

Questions identifying past feelings related to disgust and avoidance Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal in psychodynamic therapy related to anxiety and depression?

To help patients recognize that not all relationships require negative emotionality Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested method for addressing feelings of contamination in patients?

Exploring the underlying emotions linked to those feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best defines the response of a psychodynamic therapist to a patient?

Differentiating their response from past caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What do Maslow and Rogers emphasize about human nature in the humanistic approach?

Human beings are generally 'good'. Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is associated with Carl Rogers?

Person-centered Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is self-actualization primarily characterized by?

Authenticity, autonomy, and creativity. Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophical belief asserts that reality is constructed through individual experience?

Phenomenology Signup and view all the answers

According to humanistic psychology, psychological disorders are primarily attributed to what?

Low self-esteem and incongruence. Signup and view all the answers

What is incongruence in the context of humanistic psychology?

A mismatch between one’s self-image and desires. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Carl Rogers' necessary conditions for positive change?

Client denial of difficulties. Signup and view all the answers

In the hierarchy of needs, which stage represents the ultimate goal of self-actualization?

Self-actualization needs. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a fully-functioning person?

They demonstrate open-mindedness without defenses. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of Talena and Jessie, how should Talena prioritize Jessie's safety?

By assessing the severity of the threat and intervening if necessary. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the principle of confidentiality in psychotherapy?

Therapists have an obligation to keep client discussions private. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential reason for a therapist to break confidentiality?

Therapist believes the client may harm others. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best identifies the 'Duty to Warn' principle?

Therapists have an obligation to inform potential victims of threats. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a significant situation where a therapist must breach confidentiality?

Client reveals intentions to commit self-harm. Signup and view all the answers

If a client confesses to a past murder during therapy, what must the therapist do?

Document the confession and assess risk factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential outcome of a therapist failing to maintain confidentiality?

Legal consequences for the therapist. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychotherapy Overview

Defined as the informed, intentional application of clinical methods and interpersonal approaches to assist individuals in modifying behaviors, thoughts, emotions, and personal characteristics towards desirable outcomes.
Conducted one-on-one with licensed mental health professionals or in group settings.
Psychotherapy involves patient assessments, treatment with psychotherapeutic techniques, and monitoring patient outcomes.

Qualified Practitioners

Psychotherapy can be conducted by psychiatrists, psychologists, licensed mental health counselors, and licensed clinical social workers.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Proven effective in randomized trials, yielding outcomes comparable to those of medical interventions.
Demonstrates longevity in results and cost-effectiveness; often more enduring effects than medications.
Individuals benefiting from psychotherapy significantly outperform those who do not receive treatment.
American Psychological Association (APA) recognizes psychotherapy as an established evidence-based practice.

Statistical Insights

Average effect size for psychotherapy: 0.6, indicating greater effectiveness than some medical treatments.
Number Needed to Treat (NNT) for psychotherapy is 3, meaning one in three patients shows better outcomes in therapy.

Debate on Treatment Approaches

Dodo Bird Debate indicates that various psychotherapy schools have similar effects if core components of therapeutic alliance are present.
Active ingredients must be tailored according to patient needs; not all approaches suit every disorder (e.g., Bipolar disorder vs. PTSD).

Psychodynamic Approach

Focuses on exposing patients to emotional influences of past experiences.
Case conceptualization includes addressing unconscious conflicts, as illustrated in Freud’s treatments for OCD.
Emphasizes the significance of both love and hatred developed from early relationships.

Humanistic Approach

Proposes a generally positive view of human nature, contrasting Freud's perspective.
Pioneers include Maslow and Rogers, advocating for self-actualization and authentic existence.
Types include Person-centered (Rogers), Gestalt (Perls), and Transactional Analysis (Berne).
Self-actualization embodies authenticity, creativity, and personal fulfillment.

Key Theoretical Principles

Human personality considered inherently positive; low self-esteem linked to psychological disorders.
Incongruence arises when there's a disconnect between actual self and ideal self.

Conditions for Change in Therapy

Carl Rogers identified six necessary conditions for effective therapeutic change:
- Therapeutic contact must occur between patient and therapist.
- Therapist must be open and genuine; the patient must be in a state of incongruence.
- The Fully-Functioning Person is close to self-actualization and free from defenses.

Confidentiality in Therapy

Confidentiality is a fundamental ethical obligation; therapists cannot disclose client information without consent except in specific legal situations.
Duty to Warn necessitates assessing risks and potentially involving authorities for patient safety if threats arise.

Case Example

If a patient reveals intentions of self-harm, therapists must assess the situation's severity, prioritize patient safety, and may need to inform appropriate individuals.

Breaking Confidentiality Guidelines

In cases where a patient poses a threat, therapists should:
- Assess risk and severity.
- Inform the patient about proceedings.
- Involve appropriate authorities if necessary.
- Document all actions taken for reference.

Duty to Warn Historical Context

The case of Prosenjit Poddar and Tatiana Tarasoff highlights the ethical responsibilities therapists have in protecting individuals from threats of harm.

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Description

This quiz reviews key concepts of psychotherapy, focusing on its definition and application. Test your understanding of how psychotherapy can assist individuals in modifying their behaviors and emotions based on established psychological principles.