PSY1PAC: Week 2

Questions and Answers

Which system in Bronfenbrenner's model directly involves family, friends, and classmates?

Exosystem

Mesosystem

Microsystem (correct)

Macrosystem

What is the primary focus of the Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model?

Immediate environments

Cultural influences

Relationships between various systems

Temporal changes over time (correct)

In what way does the family environment influence a child's development according to Bronfenbrenner's model?

By setting strict boundaries without flexibility

By isolating them from external influences

Through cultural socialization and structured experiences (correct)

By minimizing the impact of the macrosystem

Which of the following describes the relationship highlighted in the Mesosystem?

Interactions between parents and teachers Signup and view all the answers

What role do caregivers play in a child's cultural socialization?

They structure experiences as seen appropriate by the culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Bronfenbrenner's model would include mass media and community resources?

Exosystem Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'I-self' refer to in William James's view of the self?

The stream of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles Horton Cooley, how does the 'looking-glass self' influence self-evaluation?

Through imagined perceptions of others Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does William James categorize as the 'material self'?

Physical body and possessions Signup and view all the answers

In what way can the sense of self change throughout life?

Primarily through social experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the 'me-self' according to William James?

The external perception of the self Signup and view all the answers

What does George Herbert Mead imply about the development of self?

It emerges through social experiences Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Interpersonal Self?

The awareness of how one interacts with the social world. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do children typically start showing mirror self-recognition?

Between 18 and 21 months. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Private Self?

It consists of inner thoughts and feelings. Signup and view all the answers

What parenting style is most common among the Rajputs and Nso cultures?

Proximal parenting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes high-arousal positive (HAP) emotions?

Excited and enthusiastic feelings Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is considered part of the Extended Self?

Autobiographical memories of personal experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference in mother-infant interactions between German parenting and that of Costa Rican, Indian, and Cameroonian cultures?

Lower frequency of emotion sharing in Germany Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive function is indicated by mirror self-recognition?

Higher cognitive function and self-awareness. Signup and view all the answers

The awareness of self-categories typically develops in conjunction with which self-facet?

The Private Self. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following goals is associated with low-arousal positive (LAP) ideal affect?

To suppress personal needs Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the differences in ideal emotions across cultures?

Cultural variations in emotional expression Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of a 'possible self'?

Ideas about one's potential future self. Signup and view all the answers

Cultural influences primarily affect which aspect of the self?

The Extended Self. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do cultural differences in ideal affect likely emerge, according to Jean Tsai?

3-5 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of the distal parenting style practiced in Germany and Greece?

Encouragement of personal autonomy Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best describes a common characteristic of LAP emotions?

Quiet and peaceful Signup and view all the answers

How did participants describe themselves in the study?

As extraverted or introverted individuals Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the self-concept of participants in the study?

How others perceived them Signup and view all the answers

What were the two conditions under which participants described themselves?

Public and private conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a condition in the experiment?

Anonymous condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the looking glass self in this context?

It emphasizes the influence of social interactions on self-concept. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main hypothesis tested in the study conducted by the social psychologists?

Self-concept is affected by how others perceive a person. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecocultural System Model

Child development is shaped by five interconnected environmental systems: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem.
Microsystem includes direct influences such as family, friends, neighbors, and classmates.
Mesosystem focuses on the interactions between different microsystems, like the relationship between home and school.
Exosystem involves external environmental factors like mass media and community resources.
Macrosystem encompasses the overarching cultural environment.
Chronosystem considers the impact of historical changes and events on development.

Family Environment and Cultural Socialization

Family plays a key role in cultural socialization by structuring children's experiences.
Caregivers shape children's cognitive and social competencies in alignment with cultural expectations.

Parent-Child Interaction Patterns

Parent-child interaction styles vary across cultures, impacting child development.
Studies by Keller et al. (2007) explored diverse parenting styles in different cultural contexts, such as those from Germany, Greece, Costa Rica, India, and Cameroon.
Proximal parenting (e.g., in India and Cameroon) emphasizes emotional sharing and interdependence, with high physical contact.
Distal parenting (e.g., in Germany and Greece) fosters child autonomy through face-to-face interaction and less physical closeness.

Parenting and Ideal Affect

Ideal emotions highly differ across cultures, influencing parenting goals and child-rearing practices.
Low-arousal positive (LAP) emotions (calm, relaxed) are deemed ideal in some cultures, while high-arousal positive (HAP) emotions (enthusiastic, excited) are favored in others.
Cultural variations in ideal affect manifest in children's preferences for smiles, activities, and goals, shaping identity and behavior.

Historical Views on Self

William James identified two facets of self: I-self (subjective experience) and Me-self (self-concept).
The Me-self includes material, social, and spiritual dimensions, reflecting multiple aspects of identity.
Charles Horton Cooley’s "looking-glass self" theory suggests self-perception develops from others' perceptions and evaluations.
George Herbert Mead introduced Symbolic Interactionism, highlighting the social origin of self as it emerges through experiences and interactions.

Influence of Others on Self-Concept

Social psychologists examined how self-description in varied contexts (introverted vs. extraverted) affects self-perception.
Participants under public or private conditions rated their personality traits based on assigned roles.
The interpersonal self develops awareness of societal feedback and how behavior influences relationships, forming around 8-9 months of age.

The Private Self

The "Me-self" represents inner thoughts and emotions that are not visible to others, fostering private self-awareness.
Mirror self-recognition usually emerges between 18-24 months, indicating early self-awareness and cognitive ability development.

The Extended Self

Autobiographical memories nurture a sense of continuity and consistency in self-identity.
Future possible selves guide behaviors by influencing aspirations and the sense of potential, shaped by cultural contexts.

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Description

This quiz explores Bronfenbrenner’s ecocultural system model, which details how various environmental systems influence a child's development. Students will engage with the five systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Test your understanding of how these environments interact and affect individual growth.