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Questions and Answers
Which system in Bronfenbrenner's model directly involves family, friends, and classmates?
Which system in Bronfenbrenner's model directly involves family, friends, and classmates?
What is the primary focus of the Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model?
What is the primary focus of the Chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's model?
In what way does the family environment influence a child's development according to Bronfenbrenner's model?
In what way does the family environment influence a child's development according to Bronfenbrenner's model?
Which of the following describes the relationship highlighted in the Mesosystem?
Which of the following describes the relationship highlighted in the Mesosystem?
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What role do caregivers play in a child's cultural socialization?
What role do caregivers play in a child's cultural socialization?
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Which component of Bronfenbrenner's model would include mass media and community resources?
Which component of Bronfenbrenner's model would include mass media and community resources?
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What does the term 'I-self' refer to in William James's view of the self?
What does the term 'I-self' refer to in William James's view of the self?
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According to Charles Horton Cooley, how does the 'looking-glass self' influence self-evaluation?
According to Charles Horton Cooley, how does the 'looking-glass self' influence self-evaluation?
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Which aspect does William James categorize as the 'material self'?
Which aspect does William James categorize as the 'material self'?
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In what way can the sense of self change throughout life?
In what way can the sense of self change throughout life?
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What is the primary focus of the 'me-self' according to William James?
What is the primary focus of the 'me-self' according to William James?
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What does George Herbert Mead imply about the development of self?
What does George Herbert Mead imply about the development of self?
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What defines the Interpersonal Self?
What defines the Interpersonal Self?
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At what age do children typically start showing mirror self-recognition?
At what age do children typically start showing mirror self-recognition?
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What is the primary characteristic of the Private Self?
What is the primary characteristic of the Private Self?
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What parenting style is most common among the Rajputs and Nso cultures?
What parenting style is most common among the Rajputs and Nso cultures?
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Which of the following best describes high-arousal positive (HAP) emotions?
Which of the following best describes high-arousal positive (HAP) emotions?
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What aspect is considered part of the Extended Self?
What aspect is considered part of the Extended Self?
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What is a significant difference in mother-infant interactions between German parenting and that of Costa Rican, Indian, and Cameroonian cultures?
What is a significant difference in mother-infant interactions between German parenting and that of Costa Rican, Indian, and Cameroonian cultures?
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What cognitive function is indicated by mirror self-recognition?
What cognitive function is indicated by mirror self-recognition?
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The awareness of self-categories typically develops in conjunction with which self-facet?
The awareness of self-categories typically develops in conjunction with which self-facet?
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Which of the following goals is associated with low-arousal positive (LAP) ideal affect?
Which of the following goals is associated with low-arousal positive (LAP) ideal affect?
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Which factor contributes to the differences in ideal emotions across cultures?
Which factor contributes to the differences in ideal emotions across cultures?
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Which statement best describes the concept of a 'possible self'?
Which statement best describes the concept of a 'possible self'?
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Cultural influences primarily affect which aspect of the self?
Cultural influences primarily affect which aspect of the self?
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At what age do cultural differences in ideal affect likely emerge, according to Jean Tsai?
At what age do cultural differences in ideal affect likely emerge, according to Jean Tsai?
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What is a hallmark of the distal parenting style practiced in Germany and Greece?
What is a hallmark of the distal parenting style practiced in Germany and Greece?
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Which phrase best describes a common characteristic of LAP emotions?
Which phrase best describes a common characteristic of LAP emotions?
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How did participants describe themselves in the study?
How did participants describe themselves in the study?
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What influenced the self-concept of participants in the study?
What influenced the self-concept of participants in the study?
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What were the two conditions under which participants described themselves?
What were the two conditions under which participants described themselves?
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Which of the following was NOT a condition in the experiment?
Which of the following was NOT a condition in the experiment?
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What is the significance of the looking glass self in this context?
What is the significance of the looking glass self in this context?
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What is the main hypothesis tested in the study conducted by the social psychologists?
What is the main hypothesis tested in the study conducted by the social psychologists?
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Study Notes
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecocultural System Model
- Child development is shaped by five interconnected environmental systems: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem.
- Microsystem includes direct influences such as family, friends, neighbors, and classmates.
- Mesosystem focuses on the interactions between different microsystems, like the relationship between home and school.
- Exosystem involves external environmental factors like mass media and community resources.
- Macrosystem encompasses the overarching cultural environment.
- Chronosystem considers the impact of historical changes and events on development.
Family Environment and Cultural Socialization
- Family plays a key role in cultural socialization by structuring children's experiences.
- Caregivers shape children's cognitive and social competencies in alignment with cultural expectations.
Parent-Child Interaction Patterns
- Parent-child interaction styles vary across cultures, impacting child development.
- Studies by Keller et al. (2007) explored diverse parenting styles in different cultural contexts, such as those from Germany, Greece, Costa Rica, India, and Cameroon.
- Proximal parenting (e.g., in India and Cameroon) emphasizes emotional sharing and interdependence, with high physical contact.
- Distal parenting (e.g., in Germany and Greece) fosters child autonomy through face-to-face interaction and less physical closeness.
Parenting and Ideal Affect
- Ideal emotions highly differ across cultures, influencing parenting goals and child-rearing practices.
- Low-arousal positive (LAP) emotions (calm, relaxed) are deemed ideal in some cultures, while high-arousal positive (HAP) emotions (enthusiastic, excited) are favored in others.
- Cultural variations in ideal affect manifest in children's preferences for smiles, activities, and goals, shaping identity and behavior.
Historical Views on Self
- William James identified two facets of self: I-self (subjective experience) and Me-self (self-concept).
- The Me-self includes material, social, and spiritual dimensions, reflecting multiple aspects of identity.
- Charles Horton Cooley’s "looking-glass self" theory suggests self-perception develops from others' perceptions and evaluations.
- George Herbert Mead introduced Symbolic Interactionism, highlighting the social origin of self as it emerges through experiences and interactions.
Influence of Others on Self-Concept
- Social psychologists examined how self-description in varied contexts (introverted vs. extraverted) affects self-perception.
- Participants under public or private conditions rated their personality traits based on assigned roles.
- The interpersonal self develops awareness of societal feedback and how behavior influences relationships, forming around 8-9 months of age.
The Private Self
- The "Me-self" represents inner thoughts and emotions that are not visible to others, fostering private self-awareness.
- Mirror self-recognition usually emerges between 18-24 months, indicating early self-awareness and cognitive ability development.
The Extended Self
- Autobiographical memories nurture a sense of continuity and consistency in self-identity.
- Future possible selves guide behaviors by influencing aspirations and the sense of potential, shaped by cultural contexts.
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Description
This quiz explores Bronfenbrenner’s ecocultural system model, which details how various environmental systems influence a child's development. Students will engage with the five systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Test your understanding of how these environments interact and affect individual growth.
