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Psychology: Traits and States

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a trait?

A temporary state of being that is highly influenced by situational factors

A construct that can be directly observed and measured without inference

A distinguishable and relatively enduring way in which one individual varies from another (correct)

A behavior that is manifested consistently across all situations and contexts

How are traits inferred?

Through direct observation of the construct itself

Through inference from overt behavior or the products of behavior (correct)

By measuring the construct using standardized tests

By analyzing the individual's genetic makeup

What is meant by the term 'relatively enduring' in the context of traits?

Traits are entirely situation-dependent and have no stability across contexts

Traits are expected to be manifested in behavior 100% of the time

Traits are completely stable and never change throughout an individual's lifespan

Traits may evolve over time, but they exhibit some degree of stability across situations (correct)

How does the context or situation influence the attribution of traits?

The context determines whether a behavior is attributed to a trait or a state Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the statement 'Attributions of a trait or state term are relative'?

The attribution of a trait or state term is based on comparing an individual to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making comparisons with a reference group when assessing psychological traits?

To identify individuals who deviate significantly from the group norm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of operationally defining a psychological construct before attempting to measure it?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Why might a test developer choose to include items related to knowledge of Filipino history and social judgment in a test of adult intelligence?

To provide an operational definition of adult intelligence for the test. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using test-related behavior to predict non-test-related behavior?

To understand the test-taker's behavior in real-world situations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to predict violence through testing?

Violent tendencies are not always accurately reflected in test-related behavior. Signup and view all the answers