Psychology Quiz: Statistical Tests and Vertebrate Motor Neuron

Questions and Answers

Which statistical test is used to measure the spread of a normal distribution?

ANOVA

Tukey test

t-test

Variance (correct)

What is the primary function of selective attention in the process of memory formation?

Moving information from short-term memory to long-term memory (correct)

Storing information in visual sensory memory

Filtering out irrelevant sensory information

Encoding information from long-term memory to short-term memory

Which of the following is not a measure of dispersion?

Range

ANOVA (correct)

Variance

Correlation

What is the duration of visual sensory memory?

A fraction of a second Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement is involved when a child's crayons are taken away as a form of punishment?

Punishment by removal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the soma in a vertebrate motor neuron?

Containing the cell body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of a vertebrate motor neuron?

Soma Signup and view all the answers

Which statistical test is used to compare multiple means?

ANOVA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of short-term memory?

It holds information for a brief period of time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of echoic memory?

Smaller than the capacity of iconic memory Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage of cognitive development?

The tendency to focus on one feature of an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind item-response theory?

It compares responses to items to determine how well the items function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of groupthink?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between short-term and long-term memory?

Duration Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the pre-operational stage of cognitive development?

The inability to conserve and reverse thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of item-response theory?

To identify the underlying traits that affect test performance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable number of responses?

Variable ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gathering bits and pieces of information from various sources and putting them back together to retrieve a long-term memory called?

Constructive processing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reinforcement schedules involves a fixed amount of time passing between two reinforcements?

Fixed interval Signup and view all the answers

Which model of decision making relies on simplifying strategies or rules of thumb based on past experiences, fairness, past events and aversion to loss?

Behavioral decision making model Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct match for the following reinforcement schedules and their descriptions?

I-c, II-d, III-a, IV-b Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reinforcement, the number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same?

Fixed ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when a reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time has passed?

Fixed interval reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of variable interval reinforcement?

Reinforcement is provided after a predictable amount of time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Statistics in Psychology

Neuman-Keuls test is a statistical test used in psychology.

Structure of a Neuron

A vertebrate motor neuron consists of:
- Axon
- Soma
- Myelin sheath (but not cortisol)

Measures of Dispersion

Variance is a measure of dispersion.
Range is a measure of dispersion.

Punishment and Reinforcement

Having crayons taken away is a form of punishment by removal.
Being made to wash off the drawing is a form of punishment by application.

Memory

Visual sensory memory lasts for a fraction of a second.
Selective attention moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed ratio schedule: reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses.
Fixed interval schedule: varying amount of time passes between two reinforcements.
Variable ratio schedule: number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same.
Variable interval schedule: the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement is always the same.

Retrieval of Memories

Bits and pieces of information are gathered from various sources and put back together in a process called constructive processing.

Decision Making

One model of decision making relies on simplifying strategies or rules of thumb based on past experiences, fairness, past events, and aversion to loss.

Cognitive Development (Piaget's Theory)

During the pre-operational stage (2-7 years), children:
- Focus only on one feature of an object, while ignoring other relevant features.
- Are unable to mentally reverse an action.
- Cannot conserve, reverse their thinking, and classify objects in terms of various characteristics.

Item-Response Theory

Item-response theory talks about how items should function based on the knowledge of an ability or trait.
It compares responses to items to determine how well the items function.

Groupthink

Characteristics of groupthink include:
- Excessive optimism and risk taking.
- Silence being interpreted as consent.
- Members reducing their efforts and performance levels while acting as a part of the group.

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Description

This quiz covers questions related to statistical tests such as Neuman-Keuls test, t-test, Duncan Multiple Range test, and Tukey test, as well as the components of a vertebrate motor neuron in Psychology.