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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of Adjustment Disorder?
What is the primary characteristic of Adjustment Disorder?
Which of the following is a symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Which of the following is a symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
What is the primary goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
What is the primary goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
What is the characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What is the characteristic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
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Which of the following is a type of Somatoform Disorder?
Which of the following is a type of Somatoform Disorder?
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What is the primary goal of treatment for Factitious Disorder?
What is the primary goal of treatment for Factitious Disorder?
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Which of the following is a cognitive error?
Which of the following is a cognitive error?
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What is essential in managing anxiety and depression?
What is essential in managing anxiety and depression?
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What is the primary characteristic of Neurosis?
What is the primary characteristic of Neurosis?
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What is the primary goal of treatment for Dissociative Disorders?
What is the primary goal of treatment for Dissociative Disorders?
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What is the outcome of managing a brother's provocative behavior?
What is the outcome of managing a brother's provocative behavior?
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Which of the following is a type of Neurotic Disorder?
Which of the following is a type of Neurotic Disorder?
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What should be targeted to manage anxiety?
What should be targeted to manage anxiety?
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What is the result of getting a bad mark?
What is the result of getting a bad mark?
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What is the goal of guided discovery?
What is the goal of guided discovery?
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What is the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety?
What is the relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety?
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Study Notes
Stress-Related Disorders
- Adjustment disorder: a response to everyday stressors that impairs functioning, but does not fulfill criteria for an individual disorder; treated with supportive therapy and CBT.
- Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Reaction (PTSD):
- Features: emotional numbing, increased startle response, avoidance and amnesia, flashbacks, and nightmares.
- Caused by a horrifying event, with increased adrenalin and steroids in the amygdale.
- Treated with watchful waiting, EMDR, CBT, group therapy, and SSRIs.
Neurotic Disorders
Anxiety Disorder
- Generalized anxiety disorder: maladaptive fear about everything, lasting more than 6 months; treated with CBT, relaxation, beta blockers, and SSRIs.
- Panic disorder: intense anxiety attacks, feeling of impending death, and increased noradrenaline in the locus ceruleus; treated with breathing exercises.
- Phobia disorder: unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation, lasting more than 6 months; treated with desensitization.
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder:
- Features: recurrent, resisted, annoying thoughts (obsessions) and anxiety-reducing behaviors (compulsions).
- Caused by affected serotonin transmission in basal ganglia circuits.
- Treated with exposure and response prevention, SSRIs, and tricyclics.
Somatoform Disorders
- Dissociative disorders (including PTSD): dissociative amnesia, fugue, and multiple identities; treated with CBT and group therapy.
- Conversion disorder: sudden symptoms symbolizing stress to significant others; treated with CBT.
- Somatization disorder: multiple physical complaints over 6 months, seeking help from many doctors; treated with suggestion and CBT.
- Neurathenia: chronic fatigue, pain, and irritability over 6 months; treated with supportive therapy.
- Factitious disorder: inducing illness, pain, or injury to oneself to gain emotional care and attention; treated by reducing risk and addressing emotional needs.
- Malingering: pretending to be ill for materialistic goals.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Detects and neutralizes cognitive errors that impair problem-solving and affect mood and behavior.
- Common cognitive errors:
- Perfectionism
- Black and white thinking
- Catastrophizing
- Personalizing
- Blaming
- Jumping to conclusions
CBT Structure
- 12 sessions, 1 per week, 50 minutes each
- Empathy, feedback, guided discovery, and homework to detect and change cognitive errors and behaviors.
Importance of 1ry Care
- Early diagnosis and management of anxiety and depression improve outcomes.
- 1ry care is essential due to the huge caseload that specialist services cannot handle.
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of neurosis, stress-related disorders, and anxiety disorders, including adjustment disorders, acute stress disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorders.
