Psychology Practicum Overview
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Psychology Practicum Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of a practicum in clinical psychology?

  • To apply previously studied theory in practice (correct)
  • To write a thesis
  • To conduct laboratory experiments
  • To develop research skills

    • An internship in a clinical psychology program is optional.

    False

    What does the term 'scientist-practitioner role' refer to?

    The integration of scientific research and practical application in clinical psychology.

    Cultural factors influence individuals' __________ experiences in clinical psychology.

    <p>mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of clinical psychology does multiculturalism address?

    <p>The importance of individual cultural backgrounds in treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of clinical training with their descriptions:

    <p>Practicum = Practical application of theory Research Competence = Courses in methodology and statistics Internship = Full-time work in a professional setting Multiculturalism = Recognition of cultural diversity in psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practicum includes both therapy and clinical assessment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of participating in research teams during a clinical program?

    <p>To gain practical experience and improve research skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by frequent temper tantrums in children between 6 and 18 years old?

    <p>Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binge Eating Disorder requires binge eating episodes to occur at least once per week for a duration of three weeks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the diagnosis of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?

    <p>6 to 18 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DSM-5, the criteria for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were changed to require symptoms to appear before the age of _____ years.

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their key characteristics:

    <p>Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder = Frequent temper tantrums in children Binge Eating Disorder = Eating large amounts in a short time with lack of control Somatic Symptom Disorder = Excessive focus on disruptive bodily symptoms Mild Neurocognitive Disorder = Modest decline in cognitive functions without serious impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change was made regarding the criteria for Bulimia Nervosa in DSM-5?

    <p>Frequency of binge eating required decreased to once weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Somatic Symptom Disorder involves individuals devoting excessive time and energy to a bodily symptom they perceive as serious.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the rationale behind removing the 'bereavement exclusion' from the diagnosis of major depression in DSM-5?

    <p>To avoid confusing normal sadness with major depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which edition of DSM introduced a multiaxial assessment system?

    <p>DSM-III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DSM-III retained its allegiance to psychoanalytic therapy language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Axis V of the multiaxial system in DSM-III represent?

    <p>Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DSM-5 was published in May _____ 2013.

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following axes of the DSM-III multiaxial system with their descriptions:

    <p>Axis I = Episodic disorders Axis II = Stable, long-lasting disorders Axis III = Relevant medical conditions Axis IV = Psychosocial and environmental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task was NOT involved in the revision process of the DSM-5?

    <p>Developing psychoanalytic treatment strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DSM-5 was finalized with the contributions of experts from multiple countries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the leaders in the revision process for DSM-5?

    <p>David Kupfer and Darrel Regier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reliability measures the consistency of results across different administrators?

    <p>Interrater reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinical utility refers to the ability of a service to improve client outcomes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary task of the interviewer during an interview?

    <p>To listen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One requirement for interviewers is to develop positive working relationships through __________, empathy, and respect.

    <p>attentive listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following interviewer skills with their descriptions:

    <p>Quieting Yourself = Minimizing internal dialogues to focus on the interviewee Being self-aware = Understanding personal impact on others during interactions Developing positive working relationships = Building rapport through empathy and cultural sensitivity Eye Contact = Using visual engagement to facilitate listening and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental building block of attending behaviors?

    <p>Interruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inconsistent eye contact is generally perceived as a sign of attentiveness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are essential for developing positive working relationships during an interview?

    <p>Attentive listening, appropriate empathy, genuine respect, and cultural sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does the diathesis-stress model incorporate?

    <p>Biological, psychological, and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diathesis guarantees that an individual will develop a psychological disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'diathesis' refer to in the context of mental disorders?

    <p>A vulnerability or predisposition to develop the disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the diathesis-stress model, the combination of a predisposition and _____ may produce psychological problems.

    <p>stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the diathesis-stress model with their definitions:

    <p>Diathesis = Predisposition to a disorder Stress = Subjective perception of challenges Cognitive Schema = Maladaptive thought patterns Life Course = Experience influenced by choices and predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential influence of an individual's diathesis on their life?

    <p>It may influence their perception of stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The classification of mental disorders is unimportant and unnecessary.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are classification systems important in psychology?

    <p>They help organize experiences and prevent confusion in understanding mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Practicum Work

    • Programs aim to enhance clinical skills through practical application of theory via clinical practica.
    • Practica include experiences in assessment (intelligence, neuropsychology, personality) and therapy (cognitive-behavioral, family therapy).
    • Involvement in interviewing and consulting methods with educational and community agencies is also common.

    Research

    • Development of research competence encompasses statistics, software technology, and research methodology courses.
    • Active participation in research projects is encouraged beyond thesis and dissertation requirements.
    • Clinical students often join a faculty member’s research team to gain extensive collaborative experience.

    The Internship

    • The internship serves as a culmination of training program experiences and consolidates the scientist-practitioner role.
    • Provides full-time professional experience, allowing students to acquire new skills and refine existing ones.
    • Students gain exposure to diverse clinical psychologists, offering insights beyond academic faculty.

    Cultural and Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology

    • Cultural factors significantly influence mental health experiences, perceptions, and treatment preferences.
    • Multiculturalism in clinical psychology promotes the acknowledgment of diversity in mental health care.
    • Importance of recognizing cultural backgrounds, identities, and experiences in effective psychological service delivery.

    DSM – More Recent Editions (III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR)

    • DSM-III (1980) introduced empirical data reliance for disorder definitions and utilized specific diagnostic criteria.
    • Adopted multiaxial assessment (axes I-V) for comprehensive disorder representation, although eliminated in DSM-5.
    • Axis I featured episodic disorders; Axis II included stable disorders; Axes III and IV listed medical and psychosocial/environmental issues; Axis V provided a functioning continuum.

    DSM-5: The Current Edition

    • Published in May 2013, marking a substantial revision after 20 years.
    • Created with contributions from hundreds of experts over 12 years, focusing on evolving disorder definitions.
    • Introduced new disorders like Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Binge Eating Disorder, and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder.

    Revised Disorders in DSM-5

    • The "bereavement exclusion" was removed to prevent confusion between normal grief and major depression.
    • Asperger's disorder was consolidated into autism spectrum disorder based on common social communication challenges.
    • Changes in ADHD criteria include extending the age of symptom onset and specifying symptom requirements for adults.
    • Bulimia nervosa's binge frequency was revised from twice weekly to once weekly.

    Causes of Abnormal Behavior and Mental Illness

    • Abnormal behavior and mental illness can be influenced by various factors, including biological, psychological, and environmental components.

    Major Models of Psychopathology

    • Diathesis-Stress Model posits vulnerability (diathesis) combined with stressors can result in psychological disorders.
    • Diathesis can be biological (genetic) or psychological (cognitive schemas) but is not sufficient alone to cause disorders.
    • Stress perception is subjective, influenced by individual predispositions, affecting life choices and experiences.

    The Value of Classification

    • Classification systems are essential to prevent chaos in mental health understanding.
    • Types of reliability: test-retest, interrater, and internal reliability ensure accuracy in assessments.
    • Clinical utility enhances service delivery and client outcomes.

    Interviewing Skills

    • Interviewers should focus on foundational skills for effective communication.
    • Quieting Yourself involves reducing self-directed thoughts during client interactions.
    • Self-Awareness enables interviewers to understand their impact on clients.
    • Positive Working Relationships are built through attentive listening, empathy, and respect, with cultural sensitivity being crucial.

    Specific Interviewing Behaviors

    • Effective Listening entails specific Attending Behaviors, including eye contact.
    • Consistent eye contact supports engagement but must consider cultural variances; inappropriate eye contact can have negative implications.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential components of a psychology practicum, which integrates theoretical knowledge with practical clinical skills. Students will explore various aspects, including assessment techniques and therapeutic interventions. It is designed to enhance understanding of clinical applications in psychology.

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