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Psychology: Personality and Freud's Perspective
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Psychology: Personality and Freud's Perspective

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Questions and Answers

The superego acts as the mediator between the id and the ego.

False

What term did Freud use to describe the part of the mind that is mostly hidden and contains unacceptable thoughts and memories?

  • Preconscious
  • Subconscious
  • Unconscious (correct)
  • Conscious

    • What process involves patients saying whatever comes to their mind to access the unconscious?

    free association

    Freud divided personality development into distinct ______ stages.

    <p>psychosexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of Freudian personality structure:

    <p>Id = Pleasure-seeking drives Ego = Mediates between id and superego Superego = Provides moral standards Conscious = Awareness of thoughts and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the id in Freud's theory?

    <p>Immediate gratification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dream analysis is a method used by Freud to access the conscious mind.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metaphor did Freud use to describe the mind, highlighting its hidden aspects?

    <p>iceberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bryce often acts daring and confident, masking his insecurity and self-doubt. This best illustrates the use of which defense mechanism?

    <p>Reaction formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freud's theories were widely accepted and praised, providing strong empirical support for his claims.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are shifted towards a more acceptable object?

    <p>Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freud's concept of _____ envisions a part of the personality that mediates between the desires of the id and the moral constraints of the superego.

    <p>ego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Penis envy = A factor suggesting that women may feel inferior due to the absence of a penis Freudian slip = An error in speech revealing unconscious thoughts Inferiority complex = A belief in one's inadequacy and lack of self-worth Neo-Freudians = Psychologists inspired by Freud who modified his ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Oedipus Complex?

    <p>A boy's sexual desire for his mother and rivalry with his father</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rationalization involves denying the truth of a situation completely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defense mechanisms?

    <p>To protect oneself from feeling painful emotions such as shame, guilt, or anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A girl's desire for her father is known as the __________.

    <p>Electra Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following defense mechanisms with their descriptions:

    <p>Lying = Not telling the truth for self-gain or to avoid punishment Rationalization = Denying the larger truth while telling a part of it Regression = Reverting to childhood behaviors when under stress Repression = Forcing unacceptable feelings out of awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism involves reverting to childhood behaviors?

    <p>Regression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identification helps to strengthen a person's ego by incorporating a rival parent's values.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is repression in the context of defense mechanisms?

    <p>Forcing unacceptable or threatening feelings out of awareness so one becomes unaware of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism is demonstrated when a person acknowledges a desire but tries to keep it from expressing itself?

    <p>Suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Projection involves attributing positive traits onto oneself.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the defense mechanism where an individual expresses anger in a way that contradicts their feelings?

    <p>Reaction Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person who says, 'I may like to drink, but I’m not an _______' is demonstrating a defense mechanism.

    <p>alcoholic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples with their respective defense mechanisms:

    <p>Joe smiles while gritting his teeth = Denial A smoker dismisses evidence about health risks = Suppression Bill blames his bad grade on his instructor = Projection Student feels their 'F' grade was unfair = Rationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement exemplifies the defense mechanism of denial?

    <p>I'm not mad at all as I smile at you.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An introvert choosing to be an extrovert shows the defense mechanism of suppression.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of defense mechanisms, what does 'projection' mean?

    <p>Attributing one's own negative attributes to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the role of both personal and universal experiences in shaping the unconscious mind?

    <p>Collective unconscious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alfred Adler believed that childhood does not influence personality development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Karen Horney use to describe the idea that men may experience envy of women's biological functions?

    <p>womb envy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to psychological theories, the sense of _______ can drive individuals to seek achievement and overcome feelings of inferiority.

    <p>superiority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which projective test was developed by Henry Murray?

    <p>Thematic Apperception Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the theorist with their primary contribution or concept:

    <p>Carl Jung = Collective unconscious Alfred Adler = Inferiority complex Karen Horney = Womb envy Sigmund Freud = Id, ego, superego</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Projective tests are universally accepted as reliable and valid measures of personality.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates individuals according to Alfred Adler's theories?

    <p>fear of failure and desire to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Personality Overview

    • Personality reflects an individual's characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.
    • Distinct personalities can be observed in different individuals, like fictional characters or real people.

    Psychodynamic Perspective

    • Sigmund Freud developed the first comprehensive theory of personality through clinical experiences with patients suffering from nervous disorders.
    • Key concepts include the unconscious mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.

    The Unconscious Mind

    • The unconscious mind consists of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories.
    • Free association is a method used to access the unconscious by encouraging patients to speak freely.

    Dream Analysis

    • Dreams can be analyzed through their manifest (literal content) and latent (symbolic meaning) contents to reveal the unconscious.

    Psychoanalysis

    • Free association may uncover painful unconscious memories, allowing patients to confront and release these thoughts for therapeutic benefits.
    • The mind is metaphorically likened to an iceberg, with most content hidden beneath the surface.

    Personality Structure: Id, Ego, and Superego

    • Id: Operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic impulses, such as aggression and sexual desires.
    • Ego: Acts as the mediator between the id and superego, functioning based on reality.
    • Superego: Represents internalized moral standards and ideals, guiding judgment and aspirations.

    Psychosexual Stages

    • Freud proposed five psychosexual stages of personality development, where the focus is on erogenous zones.
    • The stages are critical during early childhood and include:
      • Oral
      • Anal
      • Phallic
      • Latency
      • Genital

    Oedipus and Electra Complex

    • Oedipus Complex: A boy’s unconscious desire for his mother, accompanied by hostility towards his father.
    • Electra Complex: A similar phenomenon for girls, involving desire for their father.

    Identification

    • Children cope with conflicting feelings by repressing them and identifying with the same-sex parent, thus strengthening their superego with parental values.

    Defense Mechanisms

    • Mechanisms protect individuals from discomfort:
      • Denial: Refusing to acknowledge reality.
      • Repression: Pushing unacceptable thoughts out of consciousness.
      • Rationalization: Justifying behaviors with plausible reasons.
      • Projection: Attributing one’s own negative feelings or impulses onto others.
      • Displacement: Redirecting emotional responses from a true object to a safer target.
      • Reaction Formation: Converting unacceptable impulses into their opposites.
      • Regression: Reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress.

    Criticisms of Freud's Theories

    • Freud's theories face criticism due to a lack of empirical support and perceived gender bias, emphasizing sexual drives excessively.

    Contributions of Neo-Freudians

    • Neo-Freudians maintain some of Freud's core concepts but diverge on issues of consciousness and the importance of social relationships over sexual drives.
    • Notable Neo-Freudians:
      • Carl Jung: Proposed the collective unconscious and archetypes based on shared human experiences.
      • Alfred Adler: Introduced the inferiority complex and emphasized social influences over unconscious processes.
      • Karen Horney: Highlighted the role of interpersonal relationships and introduced the concept of womb envy, focusing on security needs.

    Assessing Unconscious Processes

    • Projective tests, like the Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), aim to uncover hidden thoughts and emotions.
    • Critics argue that these tests often lack reliability and validity, leading to inconsistent interpretations and potential misdiagnosis.

    Modern Research on Psychoanalysis

    • Contemporary studies suggest that personality development continues beyond early childhood and peer influences are significant.
    • Gender identity can develop at an earlier age than previously thought, challenging some of Freud’s assertions.

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    Description

    Explore the intriguing concepts of personality and the psychodynamic perspective introduced by Sigmund Freud. This quiz delves into how individual characteristic patterns affect thinking, feeling, and behavior. Join us in uncovering the complexities of personality development and its implications in psychological practice.

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