Psychology of Overconfidence Error
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the tendency to search for information that confirms our current theory while disregarding contradictory evidence?

  • Intuition
  • Mental set
  • Confirmation bias (correct)
  • Fixation
  • Which problem-solving habit refers to the tendency to approach problems using methods that have worked in the past?

  • Intuition
  • Fixation
  • Mental set (correct)
  • Heuristics
  • In Peter Wason's Selection Test with the sequence '2, 4, 6,' what type of numbers should students ask about to TEST rather than CONFIRM their theory about the rule?

  • Negative numbers
  • Multiples of 3
  • Prime numbers
  • Odd numbers (correct)
  • What term describes the tendency to get stuck in one way of thinking and an inability to see a problem from a new perspective?

    <p>Fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human cognitive style is described as more efficient than logical, quick-acting, and an automatic source of ideas used instead of careful reasoning?

    <p>Intuition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for our tendency to approach problems using procedures that have worked before?

    <p>Mental set (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the availability heuristic?

    <p>Estimating the likelihood of an event based on how much it stands out in our mind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the availability heuristic affect judgment about dangers like plane crashes?

    <p>It makes people more fearful of plane crashes than motorcycle crashes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mental habit may lead to errors by causing individuals to be excessively confident in their judgments?

    <p>Overconfidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the availability heuristic contribute to the belief that winning at a slot machine is likely?

    <p>By vividly recalling past wins at the slot machine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue with belief perseverance?

    <p>Sticking to initial beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mental habits involves estimating probabilities based on how much an event stands out in memory?

    <p>The availability heuristic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the tendency to interpret information in a way that fits our beliefs?

    <p>Confirmation Bias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individuals overcome Belief Perseverance?

    <p>By actively considering opposing views and new information seriously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which error refers to the tendency to hold onto beliefs even when faced with contrary evidence?

    <p>Belief Perseverance Error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stereotypes contribute to the Belief Perseverance Error?

    <p>By maintaining beliefs despite examples contradicting stereotypes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to be more confident than correct in judgments?

    <p>Overconfidence Error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does framing an issue affect decisions and judgments?

    <p>It can significantly affect decisions and judgments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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