18 Questions
What is the term used to describe the tendency to search for information that confirms our current theory while disregarding contradictory evidence?
Confirmation bias
Which problem-solving habit refers to the tendency to approach problems using methods that have worked in the past?
Mental set
In Peter Wason's Selection Test with the sequence '2, 4, 6,' what type of numbers should students ask about to TEST rather than CONFIRM their theory about the rule?
Odd numbers
What term describes the tendency to get stuck in one way of thinking and an inability to see a problem from a new perspective?
Fixation
Which human cognitive style is described as more efficient than logical, quick-acting, and an automatic source of ideas used instead of careful reasoning?
Intuition
What is the term for our tendency to approach problems using procedures that have worked before?
Mental set
What is the availability heuristic?
Estimating the likelihood of an event based on how much it stands out in our mind
How does the availability heuristic affect judgment about dangers like plane crashes?
It makes people more fearful of plane crashes than motorcycle crashes
Which mental habit may lead to errors by causing individuals to be excessively confident in their judgments?
Overconfidence
How does the availability heuristic contribute to the belief that winning at a slot machine is likely?
By vividly recalling past wins at the slot machine
What is the primary issue with belief perseverance?
Sticking to initial beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence
Which of the following mental habits involves estimating probabilities based on how much an event stands out in memory?
The availability heuristic
What is the term used to describe the tendency to interpret information in a way that fits our beliefs?
Confirmation Bias
How can individuals overcome Belief Perseverance?
By actively considering opposing views and new information seriously
Which error refers to the tendency to hold onto beliefs even when faced with contrary evidence?
Belief Perseverance Error
How do stereotypes contribute to the Belief Perseverance Error?
By maintaining beliefs despite examples contradicting stereotypes
Which cognitive bias refers to the tendency to be more confident than correct in judgments?
Overconfidence Error
How does framing an issue affect decisions and judgments?
It can significantly affect decisions and judgments
Explore the psychology behind the overconfidence error and its impact on judgments and decision-making. Learn how overestimating our accuracy in estimates and predictions can lead to faulty decisions. Discover common examples of overconfidence in everyday situations.
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