Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first stage of the process described in feature integration theory?
What is the first stage of the process described in feature integration theory?
- Preattentive stage (correct)
- Conscious processing stage
- Visual search stage
- Focused attention stage
In the focused attention stage, how do binding problems manifest?
In the focused attention stage, how do binding problems manifest?
- When stimuli share a single feature
- Through illusory conjunctions (correct)
- Due to a lack of independent features
- By focusing on multiple features at once
How does the presence of distractors affect the time taken to find a target in the visual search stage?
How does the presence of distractors affect the time taken to find a target in the visual search stage?
- It has no impact on the search time
- It slows down the search if distractors share features with the target (correct)
- It makes the target pop out immediately
- It speeds up the search if distractors have different features
What happens during the focused attention stage when conducting a serial search?
What happens during the focused attention stage when conducting a serial search?
What visual feature representation is most likely to cause participants to not see a triangle?
What visual feature representation is most likely to cause participants to not see a triangle?
Which component of Treisman's Attenuation model allows for the processing of words that have learned significance?
Which component of Treisman's Attenuation model allows for the processing of words that have learned significance?
In the context of the Load Theory, what does the task of identifying if 'N' is present in a circle of letters assess?
In the context of the Load Theory, what does the task of identifying if 'N' is present in a circle of letters assess?
Which threshold is less likely to be attended to according to Treisman's model?
Which threshold is less likely to be attended to according to Treisman's model?
What occurs during late selection processing in the LATE selection model?
What occurs during late selection processing in the LATE selection model?
What is the primary function of the attenuator in Treisman's model?
What is the primary function of the attenuator in Treisman's model?
Which processing levels are involved in the Semantic level of Treisman's model?
Which processing levels are involved in the Semantic level of Treisman's model?
What does the concept of a 'low threshold' in Treisman's model imply?
What does the concept of a 'low threshold' in Treisman's model imply?
In Treisman's model, which type of memory temporarily holds weakened information?
In Treisman's model, which type of memory temporarily holds weakened information?
What happens to response time when both cognitive and perceptual loads are high?
What happens to response time when both cognitive and perceptual loads are high?
Under which condition are unexpected auditory stimuli more likely to be detected?
Under which condition are unexpected auditory stimuli more likely to be detected?
Which scenario exemplifies high perceptual load in the driving task?
Which scenario exemplifies high perceptual load in the driving task?
How does high perceptual load affect awareness of unexpected visual stimuli?
How does high perceptual load affect awareness of unexpected visual stimuli?
What effect does practice have on controlled processes?
What effect does practice have on controlled processes?
What is a result of high cognitive load during the driving task?
What is a result of high cognitive load during the driving task?
What contributes to inattentional deafness in high perceptual load scenarios?
What contributes to inattentional deafness in high perceptual load scenarios?
In the context of driving tasks and load theory, what describes a condition of low load for a cognitive task?
In the context of driving tasks and load theory, what describes a condition of low load for a cognitive task?
What is the phenomenon called when a person fails to perceive an object due to lack of attention?
What is the phenomenon called when a person fails to perceive an object due to lack of attention?
In the study by Simons and Chabris (1999), what percentage of participants failed to notice the gorilla or umbrella man?
In the study by Simons and Chabris (1999), what percentage of participants failed to notice the gorilla or umbrella man?
How does high perceptual load impact awareness of critical stimuli during tasks like driving?
How does high perceptual load impact awareness of critical stimuli during tasks like driving?
Which example best illustrates inattentional blindness?
Which example best illustrates inattentional blindness?
What effect does working memory load have on goal-oriented behavior?
What effect does working memory load have on goal-oriented behavior?
Which of the following is true about inattentional blindness despite prior knowledge of it?
Which of the following is true about inattentional blindness despite prior knowledge of it?
In the context of driving, what happens to a driver's ability to notice unexpected stimuli if they are under low perceptual load?
In the context of driving, what happens to a driver's ability to notice unexpected stimuli if they are under low perceptual load?
What role does working memory have while driving in relation to attentional capacity?
What role does working memory have while driving in relation to attentional capacity?
What type of attention requires effort to select and maintain focus on relevant information?
What type of attention requires effort to select and maintain focus on relevant information?
How does having prior knowledge influence visual search according to feature integration theory?
How does having prior knowledge influence visual search according to feature integration theory?
What was the primary finding regarding eye movements when participants encountered distractors during the task in Theeuwes et al. (1998)?
What was the primary finding regarding eye movements when participants encountered distractors during the task in Theeuwes et al. (1998)?
What term describes the situation where top-down attention is interrupted by bottom-up attention capture?
What term describes the situation where top-down attention is interrupted by bottom-up attention capture?
In the study by Theeuwes et al. (1998), when no distractor was present, how did participants direct their eye movements?
In the study by Theeuwes et al. (1998), when no distractor was present, how did participants direct their eye movements?
What kind of objects result in fewer mistakes when identified compared to random pairings?
What kind of objects result in fewer mistakes when identified compared to random pairings?
How do participants wrongly perceive the impact of distractors on their eye movements?
How do participants wrongly perceive the impact of distractors on their eye movements?
What does goal-oriented attention specifically require from participants?
What does goal-oriented attention specifically require from participants?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Attention Models
- Treisman’s Attenuation Model suggests that unattended information is weakened based on its relevance to the task.
- Attenuator determines which information to prioritize while allowing relevant signals to be processed.
- Dictionary Unit contains words recognized with varying activation thresholds; familiar words (e.g., names) have lower thresholds.
- LATE Selection Model posits that both sensory and semantic information are fully processed prior to selection for attention.
Inattentional Blindness
- Defined as failing to perceive an object when attention is focused elsewhere.
- In a study by Simons & Chabris, 46% of participants didn't notice an unexpected object (gorilla) while focused on counting basketball passes.
- Awareness of inattentional blindness doesn't necessarily prevent its occurrence.
Driving and Load Theory
- Perceptual Load affects awareness of unexpected stimuli while driving; higher load increases chances of inattentional blindness.
- Driving simulator studies indicated that with low perceptual load, participants were more prone to notice critical stimuli (CS) compared to high load conditions.
- Cognitive Load Task with directional instructions showed that high cognitive demands can hinder awareness of unexpected distractions.
Controlled Processes vs. Automaticity
- Controlled processes require conscious effort, are time-consuming, and resource-intensive; tasks become automatic with practice (e.g., reading).
- Feature Integration Theory (FIT) explains visual perception stages:
- Preattentive Stage involves detecting features independently.
- Focused Attention Stage facilitates binding features into coherent perceptions, e.g., combining color and shape.
Illusory Conjunctions
- Occur when features from separate objects are mistakenly combined due to divided attention.
- Studies indicate providing familiar object pairings reduces errors compared to random pairings.
Goal-Oriented Attention
- Top-Down Selective Attention is a deliberate focus based on task demands.
- Investigations by Theeuwes et al. (1998) showed that distracting stimuli can interfere with goal-oriented eye movements.
- Eye tracking experiments demonstrated that even participants unaware of the distractor's influence reported it affected their targeting.
Overall Implications
- Understanding attention models and theories aids in recognizing how selective attention operates under varying cognitive loads, and highlights the limitations of perceptual awareness in real-world tasks.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
