Psychology of Hallucinogens and Ketamine

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following is a characteristic of the psychic phase of drug effects?

Increased physical coordination and balance

Changes in mood and altered perception of time (correct)

Euphoria with no accompanying distressing thoughts

Enhanced logical thought and increased vigilance

What phenomenon is associated with hallucinogens that involves distressing, spontaneous, recurrent experiences?

Tolerance

Flashback (correct)

Dissociation

Psychotic episode

What effect occurs as a result of rapid psychological tolerance to hallucinogens?

Increased drug effectiveness over time

Complete physical dependence develops

Cross-tolerance with psychedelics like LSD (correct)

Permanent structural changes in the brain

HPPD is characterized by which of the following?

Recurrent, distressing symptoms with a dysphoric affect Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is intensified by hallucinogen use?

Depersonalization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which ketamine exerts its effects?

Non-competitive antagonism of NMDA/glutamate receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a psychological effect experienced at low doses of ketamine?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

How long does ketamine generally remain in the system, based on its elimination half-life?

12-24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest risk associated with ketamine use?

Accidental death Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of ketamine's impact on physical responses during high doses?

Blood pressure may rise while respiration remains unaffected Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic effect of small doses of LSD?

Enhances self-awareness Signup and view all the answers

At which serotonin receptors does LSD primarily exert its effects?

5-HT2 and 5-HT2A receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are common physiological effects of LSD use?

Increased levels of glucose in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of action for LSD?

6-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when treating intoxication?

Keeping the patient calm and preventing severe adverse medical effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is structurally similar to LSD?

Mescaline Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is mentioned as useful for reducing agitation in intoxicated individuals?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

What psychological benefit can LSD provide in psychotherapy?

Helps patients find underlying causes to problems Signup and view all the answers

What long-lasting severe effects may occur due to intoxication?

Hyperthermia, hypertension, convulsions, renal failure, and psychotic states Signup and view all the answers

How is LSD primarily excreted from the body?

Metabolized in the liver before excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the toxicity of LSD?

It has a low level of toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended strategy for managing a severely agitated intoxicated patient?

Minimizing sensory inputs by placing them in a quiet environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment approach for intoxication?

Administering fluids aggressively to promote diuresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of mescaline?

Peyote cactus Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the notable effects of MDMA?

Enhanced communication Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does MDMA primarily use to exert its effects?

Reuptake inhibition of monoamines Signup and view all the answers

How long do the visual effects of mescaline typically last?

Up to 10 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential psychological effect of MDMA?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What serious physiological condition can result from high doses of MDMA?

Hyperthermia Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with long-term use of MDMA?

Hippocampal damage Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with both mescaline and MDMA use?

Visual hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hallucinogens at high doses?

Cause perceptions in the absence of appropriate sensations Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological effect is NOT associated with low doses of anticholinergic scopolamine?

Excitement and hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What condition might develop due to the use of anticholinergics?

Tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of the anticholinergic syndrome caused by scopolamine?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the antidote physostigmine in relation to scopolamine?

Inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase Signup and view all the answers

In what duration do the psychotic effects of scopolamine typically clear after use?

36 to 48 hours Signup and view all the answers

What effect might result from the use of higher doses of scopolamine?

Severe respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary active molecule in Psilocybin after metabolism?

Phosphoric acid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the withdrawal symptoms from scopolamine use?

They can involve vomiting and excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

How long do the effects of Ayahuasca typically last?

3-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a common route of administration for Ketamine?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

What receptors do Psilocin predominantly act as an agonist for?

5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak onset time for the effects of PCP?

15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit does Ketamine offer as an antidepressant?

Effectiveness for treatment-resistant patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of effects for Psilocybin and Psilocin?

6-10 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is known for producing dissociative states?

Phencyclidine (PCP) Signup and view all the answers