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Questions and Answers
What is a normal response to a loss that includes death of a significant other, divorce, illness, and decrease in self-esteem?
What is a normal response to a loss that includes death of a significant other, divorce, illness, and decrease in self-esteem?
Grief
Which emotional state is manifested by sadness, discouragement, decreased self-esteem, helplessness, and increased risk for suicide?
Which emotional state is manifested by sadness, discouragement, decreased self-esteem, helplessness, and increased risk for suicide?
Acute grieving typically occurs up to ____ months after a significant loss.
Acute grieving typically occurs up to ____ months after a significant loss.
3
Postpartum depression can occur from 2 weeks to 12 months after delivery.
Postpartum depression can occur from 2 weeks to 12 months after delivery.
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Which mood disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression?
Which mood disorder is characterized by episodes of mania and depression?
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People with Bipolar II experience at least one manic episode.
People with Bipolar II experience at least one manic episode.
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What is the personality trait associated with Depressive Disorders according to the text?
What is the personality trait associated with Depressive Disorders according to the text?
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Bipolar Mixed includes experiences of both manic and depressive states alternately every few days, demonstrating much physical energy but often failing to attend to daily ____________.
Bipolar Mixed includes experiences of both manic and depressive states alternately every few days, demonstrating much physical energy but often failing to attend to daily ____________.
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Match the following types of Bipolar disorders with their descriptions:
Match the following types of Bipolar disorders with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Emotional Responses
- Emotional responses can be maladaptive and lead to mood disorders
- Loss can take up to 3 years to process
Mood Disorders
- A group of disorders that involve a disturbance in emotion, cognition, and behavior
- Exist when emotional responses are exaggerated, prolonged, or interfere with normal functioning
- Include depression, mania, and bipolar disorders
Stages of Dying/Grief
- D - Denial (initial response to protect the self from anxiety)
- A - Anger (individual feels they are victims of incompetence or a vengeful God)
- B - Bargaining (the person tries to exhibit good behavior to please God)
- D - Depression (occurs when the reality of loss or impending loss cannot be ignored)
- A - Acceptance (occurs when the person has come to peace with themselves and others)
Grief
- Normal response to a loss (death of significant other, divorce, illness, hospitalization, etc.)
- Acute grieving occurs up to 3 months after a significant loss
- Resolution of grief occurs when the grieving person can remember comfortably and realistically, both the pleasures and pains of the loss
Depression
- Emotional state manifested by sadness, discouragement, decreased self-esteem, helplessness, and increased risk for suicide
- Can be classified into:
- Major Depression (unipolar major depression)
- Postpartum Onset (postpartum blues, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis)
- Dysthymia (chronically sad or depressed mood)
- Bipolar Disorders (bipolar manic, bipolar depressed, bipolar mixed)
Suicidal Behavior
- Involves thoughts of taking one's own life
- Can be classified into:
- Suicidal threat (accompanied by behavioral changes)
- Suicidal gesture (self-destructive act that does not cause serious injury)
- Suicidal attempt (self-destructive act with the potential outcome of death)
- Nursing interventions include:
- Assessing and evaluating suicidal risk
- Suspecting suicidal ideation in depressed clients
- Inquiring directly about suicidal ideations
- Conveying concern and a sense of understanding
- Evaluating client's access to means of suicide
Postpartum Onset
- Postpartum blues: lasts 1-4 days, occurs in 50-80% of women, and is treated with reassurance and time
- Postpartum depression: occurs from 2 weeks to 12 months after delivery, has a rate of 10-15%, and is treated with therapy and support
- Postpartum psychosis: occurs in the first month after delivery, has a low incidence, and is treated with medication and hospitalization
Bipolar Disorders
- Classified into:
- Bipolar I (one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes)
- Bipolar II (one or more major depressive episodes accompanied by at least one hypomanic episode)
- Cyclothymia (circular or cyclic type of bipolar disorder)
- Bipolar disorder NOS (not otherwise specified)
- Symptoms include:
- Euphoric mood
- Exaggerated sense of self-esteem
- Increased energy
- Decreased need for sleep
- Increased talkativeness
- Distractibility
- Increased goal-directed activity
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
- Occurs in fall and winter months
- Associated with loss of sunlight
- Disappears during spring and summer
- Common symptoms include:
- Loss of energy
- Hypersomnia
- Overeating with carbohydrate craving
- Weight gain
- Lethargy and fatigue
Nursing Implications
- For Depressive Disorders:
- Facilitate adequate nutrition
- Promote sleep
- Assist with hygiene and grooming
- Promote daily activity and rest
- For Bipolar Disorders:
- Promote adequate nutrition
- Reduce stimulation
- Promote rest
- Enhance relaxation
- Administer lithium carbonate or other medications as prescribed
- For Suicidal Behaviors:
- Evaluate client's degree of suicidal risk
- Take warning signs seriously
- Remove dangerous and potentially lethal materials or objects
- Place the client in a safe, protective environment
- Monitor closely and consistently
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Description
This quiz explores the emotional responses associated with loss, including maladaptive grief and its potential to lead to mood disorders. It covers the emotional responses that can last up to 3 years and their impact on mental health.
