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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of binocular vision in terms of depth perception?
What is an example of a monocular cue that helps us perceive depth?
What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as remaining the same despite changes in their appearance?
What is an example of size constancy?
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What is the term for the eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances?
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What is the primary difference between binocular vision and monocular cues?
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What is the term for the ability to perceive depth through the combination of images from each eye?
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What is an example of shape constancy?
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What is the primary reason why objects that are closer to us appear to move faster than objects that are farther away?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a monocular cue?
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What is the primary function of stereopsis in terms of depth perception?
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Which of the following is an example of stability?
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What is the primary difference between binocular vision and monocular cues?
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What is the primary function of accommodation in terms of depth perception?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a monocular cue?
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What mechanism protects the eardrum from damage when exposed to loud sounds?
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Why does cold water feel less cold over time when we touch it?
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How does the sense of smell adapt to a strong odor over time?
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What was the primary challenge participants faced in the proprioception experiment?
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What happens to the iris in bright light conditions?
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What role do the rods and cones in the retina play in adaptation to light intensity?
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Which sense involves nerve endings adapting to temperature changes?
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In the context of sensory adaptation, what is sensory adaptation primarily responsible for?
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Study Notes
Depth Perception
- Depth perception is the ability to perceive the distance of objects from us.
Binocular Vision
- Binocular vision helps us perceive depth due to the 6.35 cm distance between our two eyes.
- The brain combines images from each eye to create a single image with depth cues.
Monocular Cues
- Monocular cues are depth cues that can be perceived with one eye.
- Examples of monocular cues include:
- Relative size: larger objects appear closer.
- Interposition: overlapping objects are perceived at different distances.
- Atmospheric perspective: farther objects appear lighter and less detailed.
- Shading and texture: objects appear more three-dimensional with shading and texture.
Motion Parallax
- Motion parallax is a monocular cue that helps us perceive depth.
- Closer objects appear to move faster than farther objects.
Stability
- Stability refers to perceiving objects as remaining the same despite changes in appearance.
- Examples of stability include:
- Size constancy: objects appear to maintain their size despite distance changes.
- Shape constancy: objects maintain their shape despite viewing angle changes.
- Color constancy: objects maintain their color despite lighting changes.
Other Depth Cues
- Other depth cues include:
- Accommodation: the eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances.
- Convergence: the eye's ability to converge on objects at different distances.
- Stereopsis: perceiving depth through the combination of images from each eye.
Sensory Adaptation
- Sensory adaptation occurs when sensory organs change their sensitivity in response to environmental changes.
- It helps to protect sensory organs from damage and enables them to function optimally.
Hearing
- The eardrum adapts to loud sounds by tightening the muscles in the middle ear, reducing sound intensity.
- This adaptation protects the eardrum from damage, but may not be quick enough to prevent damage from extremely loud sounds.
Touch
- Nerve endings in the skin adapt to changes in temperature, becoming less sensitive over time.
- This adaptation is demonstrated when the sensation of coldness decreases after initial exposure to cold water.
Smell
- The sense of smell adapts to changes in the environment, with the sensitivity of nerve endings decreasing over time.
- This is demonstrated when the intensity of a strong odor decreases after initial exposure.
Proprioception
- Proprioception is the sense of body orientation and movement, which can adapt to changes in the environment.
- The brain can adapt to altered proprioception, as demonstrated in an experiment where participants wore glasses that altered their sense of proprioception.
Vision
- The iris adapts to changes in light intensity, constricting in bright light and dilating in dim light.
- The rods and cones in the retina also adapt to changes in light intensity, becoming more sensitive in low light conditions.
Down-Regulation
- Down-regulation is the process of reducing sensory organ sensitivity in response to intense stimuli.
- Examples include the eardrum's adaptation to loud sounds, nerve endings' adaptation to cold temperatures, and the retina's adaptation to bright light.
Up-Regulation
- Up-regulation is the process of increasing sensory organ sensitivity in response to weak stimuli.
- Examples include the retina's adaptation to low light conditions and the olfactory system's adaptation to weak smells.
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Description
Learn about depth perception, binocular vision, and monocular cues that help us judge the distance of objects from us.
