Sensory Perception
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of binocular vision in terms of depth perception?

  • To perceive the distance of objects from us
  • To maintain the color of objects despite changes in lighting
  • To create a single image with depth cues (correct)
  • To focus on objects at different distances
  • What is an example of a monocular cue that helps us perceive depth?

  • Relative size (correct)
  • Convergence
  • Stereopsis
  • Accommodation
  • What is the term for the ability to perceive objects as remaining the same despite changes in their appearance?

  • Monocular cues
  • Stability (correct)
  • Motion parallax
  • Depth perception
  • What is an example of size constancy?

    <p>Perceiving objects as remaining the same size despite changes in distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances?

    <p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between binocular vision and monocular cues?

    <p>Binocular vision requires two eyes, while monocular cues require one eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to perceive depth through the combination of images from each eye?

    <p>Stereopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of shape constancy?

    <p>Perceiving objects as remaining the same shape despite changes in viewing angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why objects that are closer to us appear to move faster than objects that are farther away?

    <p>Because of the difference in motion parallax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a monocular cue?

    <p>Convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of stereopsis in terms of depth perception?

    <p>To perceive depth through the combination of images from each eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of stability?

    <p>Size constancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between binocular vision and monocular cues?

    <p>Binocular vision uses two eyes, while monocular cues use one eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of accommodation in terms of depth perception?

    <p>To focus on objects at different distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a monocular cue?

    <p>Stereopsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism protects the eardrum from damage when exposed to loud sounds?

    <p>The tightening of the muscles in the middle ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does cold water feel less cold over time when we touch it?

    <p>The nerve endings in the skin adapt to the cold temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sense of smell adapt to a strong odor over time?

    <p>The nerve endings' sensitivity decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary challenge participants faced in the proprioception experiment?

    <p>Adapting to altered sense of body orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iris in bright light conditions?

    <p>It constricts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the rods and cones in the retina play in adaptation to light intensity?

    <p>They adjust their sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense involves nerve endings adapting to temperature changes?

    <p>Touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sensory adaptation, what is sensory adaptation primarily responsible for?

    <p>Protecting sensory organs from over-stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Depth Perception

    • Depth perception is the ability to perceive the distance of objects from us.

    Binocular Vision

    • Binocular vision helps us perceive depth due to the 6.35 cm distance between our two eyes.
    • The brain combines images from each eye to create a single image with depth cues.

    Monocular Cues

    • Monocular cues are depth cues that can be perceived with one eye.
    • Examples of monocular cues include:
      • Relative size: larger objects appear closer.
      • Interposition: overlapping objects are perceived at different distances.
      • Atmospheric perspective: farther objects appear lighter and less detailed.
      • Shading and texture: objects appear more three-dimensional with shading and texture.

    Motion Parallax

    • Motion parallax is a monocular cue that helps us perceive depth.
    • Closer objects appear to move faster than farther objects.

    Stability

    • Stability refers to perceiving objects as remaining the same despite changes in appearance.
    • Examples of stability include:
      • Size constancy: objects appear to maintain their size despite distance changes.
      • Shape constancy: objects maintain their shape despite viewing angle changes.
      • Color constancy: objects maintain their color despite lighting changes.

    Other Depth Cues

    • Other depth cues include:
      • Accommodation: the eye's ability to focus on objects at different distances.
      • Convergence: the eye's ability to converge on objects at different distances.
      • Stereopsis: perceiving depth through the combination of images from each eye.

    Sensory Adaptation

    • Sensory adaptation occurs when sensory organs change their sensitivity in response to environmental changes.
    • It helps to protect sensory organs from damage and enables them to function optimally.

    Hearing

    • The eardrum adapts to loud sounds by tightening the muscles in the middle ear, reducing sound intensity.
    • This adaptation protects the eardrum from damage, but may not be quick enough to prevent damage from extremely loud sounds.

    Touch

    • Nerve endings in the skin adapt to changes in temperature, becoming less sensitive over time.
    • This adaptation is demonstrated when the sensation of coldness decreases after initial exposure to cold water.

    Smell

    • The sense of smell adapts to changes in the environment, with the sensitivity of nerve endings decreasing over time.
    • This is demonstrated when the intensity of a strong odor decreases after initial exposure.

    Proprioception

    • Proprioception is the sense of body orientation and movement, which can adapt to changes in the environment.
    • The brain can adapt to altered proprioception, as demonstrated in an experiment where participants wore glasses that altered their sense of proprioception.

    Vision

    • The iris adapts to changes in light intensity, constricting in bright light and dilating in dim light.
    • The rods and cones in the retina also adapt to changes in light intensity, becoming more sensitive in low light conditions.

    Down-Regulation

    • Down-regulation is the process of reducing sensory organ sensitivity in response to intense stimuli.
    • Examples include the eardrum's adaptation to loud sounds, nerve endings' adaptation to cold temperatures, and the retina's adaptation to bright light.

    Up-Regulation

    • Up-regulation is the process of increasing sensory organ sensitivity in response to weak stimuli.
    • Examples include the retina's adaptation to low light conditions and the olfactory system's adaptation to weak smells.

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    Learn about depth perception, binocular vision, and monocular cues that help us judge the distance of objects from us.

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