Psychology Motivation Theories

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Questions and Answers

What is motivation?

The wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal (correct)

Emotional state of being

A type of eating disorder

The absence of hunger

Name the two types of motivation.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Intrinsic motivation is performed to receive something from others.

False

Who proposed that 'behavior is instinct-driven' to aid survival?

William James Signup and view all the answers

Define instinct.

Biologically driven species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned Signup and view all the answers

What does the Drive Theory of Motivation suggest?

Motivation is driven by the maintenance of homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Explain the Optimal Arousal/Yerkes-Dodson Law.

Motivation driven by optimal level of arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy?

Belief in one's own abilities to complete a task Signup and view all the answers

What signals satiation and is released by fat cells?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

Define BMI.

Body Mass Index Signup and view all the answers

What is Bulimia Nervosa characterized by?

Binge eating followed by purging Signup and view all the answers

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

Type of eating disorder characterized by maintaining a body weight well below average Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first to engage in large-scale human sex research surveys?

Alfred Kinsey Signup and view all the answers

What does Sexual Orientation refer to?

Emotional and erotic attraction towards other individuals Signup and view all the answers

Define Gender Identity.

One's sense of being male or female Signup and view all the answers

Gender Dysphoria occurs when an individual is comfortable identifying with their biological gender.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of emotion?

Physiological Arousal, Psychological Appraisal, and Subjective Experience Signup and view all the answers

What does the James-Lange Theory of Emotion propose?

Emotions arise from physiological arousal Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion, what occurs simultaneously?

Physiological arousal and emotional experience Signup and view all the answers

What does the Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion consist of?

Physiological and cognitive factors; context Signup and view all the answers

What does Lazarus' Cognitive-Mediational Theory state?

Our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivation

Defined as the wants or needs that drive behavior towards specific goals.
Two main types: intrinsic (internal satisfaction) and extrinsic (external rewards).

Types of Motivation

Intrinsic Motivation: Actions taken for personal satisfaction.
Extrinsic Motivation: Actions taken to obtain rewards from others.

Theoretical Perspectives

William James: Suggested behavior is instinct-driven for survival.
Instinct: Refers to biologically-driven, species-specific behaviors that are not learned.
Drive Theory of Motivation: Proposes motivation stems from the need to maintain homeostasis.
Optimal Arousal/Yerkes-Dodson Law: Motivation is influenced by the need to achieve an optimal level of arousal.

Arousal Levels

Low Arousal: Associated with boredom.
High Arousal: Can lead to anxiety.

Self-Efficacy

Defined as the belief in one's capabilities to execute tasks.
Albert Bandura: Introduced the concept of self-efficacy as a source of motivation.

Hunger and Satiety

Satiation: Absence of hunger, signaled by leptin (a hormone released by fat cells).
Metabolic Rate: Refers to the energy expended over time.
Set-point Theory: Hypothesis that individuals have a specific weight range they naturally maintain.

Eating Disorders

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS): Genetic disorder characterized by intense hunger and low metabolism.
Eating Disorders: Include abnormal eating behaviors, with types such as:
- Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating followed by purging.
- Binge Eating Disorder: Regularly consuming excessive amounts of food.
- Anorexia Nervosa: Maintaining significantly low body weight through starvation or excessive exercise.

Human Sexuality Research

Alfred Kinsey: First to conduct extensive human sexual behavior research, challenging misconceptions of female sexuality.
Masters and Johnson: Conducted research that involved direct observation of sexual activities with physiological measurements.

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Sexual Orientation: Emotional and erotic attraction to others.
Gender Identity: Personal sense of being male or female; does not always correspond to biological sex.
Gender Dysphoria: Discomfort with one’s biological sex, leading to a desire to live according to one’s gender identity; requires a significant duration and distress for diagnosis.

Emotion

Defined as a subjective state often described in feelings.
Mood: A longer, less intense emotional state not directly tied to specific experiences.

Theories of Emotion

James-Lange Theory: Emotions result from physiological responses; the emotional experience follows the body's response.
Cannon-Bard Theory: Proposes simultaneous emotional experience and physiological arousal.
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory: Emotions arise from physiological arousal interpreted through a cognitive lens based on context.
Lazarus' Cognitive-Mediational Theory: Holds that emotions are determined by the appraisal of stimuli.

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Description

Explore the various theories of motivation including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as concepts introduced by William James and Albert Bandura. This quiz will challenge your understanding of how motivation influences behavior towards specific goals and the different levels of arousal associated with it.