Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the hippocampus in the process of declarative memory consolidation?
Which theory suggests that the hippocampus is only critical for the retention of recent events?
What is the result of repeated retrieval of memories on hippocampal traces according to the multiple trace/trace transformation theory?
What is the primary difference between the hippocampal group and the control group in terms of memory recall for news events since the onset of amnesia?
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What is the role of neocortical modules in the process of systems-level consolidation?
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What is the primary finding of the study by Bayley et al. regarding the hippocampal group's performance on recalling news events?
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What is the primary mechanism underlying synaptic consolidation?
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According to the standard consolidation theory, which stage of memory consolidation involves the hippocampus?
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What is the term for the process by which the hippocampus reactivates and replays previously experienced events during rest or slow-wave sleep?
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What is the primary type of memory supported by the hippocampus, according to the declarative memory view?
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What is the term for the process by which the hippocampus represents events based on the relationships between items in memory?
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What is the term for the process by which the hippocampus represents routes as sequences of places traversed in spatial memory?
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What is the primary function of memory consolidation?
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According to the preservation-consolidation hypothesis, what happens to memory traces over time?
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What is the process by which the hippocampus replays previously experienced memories, strengthening the connections between neurons?
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What type of memory is primarily affected by the process of memory consolidation?
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What is the term for the strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons, leading to long-term memory formation?
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What is the term for the process by which previously consolidated memories can be updated or modified through new experiences?
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Study Notes
Memory Consolidation
- Declarative memory is initially encoded in the hippocampal-neocortical trace, which becomes stabilized through connectivity between neocortical modules (Barry & Maguire, 2019)
- The original hippocampal trace is no longer essential for memory reactivation
Evidence for Standard Consolidation Theory
- The hippocampal group performed worse when recalling news since the onset of amnesia and 1-5 years before amnesia
- The hippocampal group performed identically for events 11-30 years before amnesia, suggesting the hippocampus has a time-limited role
- Connections among cortical regions are strengthened until it becomes independent of the hippocampus (Bayley et al.)
Evidence Against Standard Consolidation Theory
- Patient VC showed a decrease in hippocampal volume, but performance on more remote events and famous faces (i.e., > 30 years) were also impaired (Cipolotti et al., 2001)
- This is not consistent with the view that the hippocampus is only critical for the retention of recent events
Multiple Trace/Trace Transformation Theory
- The hippocampal-neocortical trace is always needed
- Repeated retrieval increases the number of permanent hippocampal traces (Barry & Maguire, 2019)
- Intrinsic neocortical connectivity supports semantic memories
Scene Construction Theory
- Memory consolidation involves the formation of a stable, long-lasting memory from a temporary, labile memory
- The hippocampus is critical for early memory consolidation (Gazzaniga et al., 2019)
- Synaptic consolidation involves long-term potentiation (LTP), while systemic consolidation involves standard consolidation theory, multiple trace theory, and scene construction theory
Key Roles of the Hippocampus
- The hippocampus represents events based on the relationship between items and represents episodes as a flow of events across time
- The hippocampus interleave events and episodes (Eichenbaum & Cohen)
- In spatial memory, the hippocampus encodes events as mapping of actions and objects within spatial contexts and represents routes as sequences of places traversed
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Description
This quiz covers the process of memory consolidation, including the role of the hippocampus and neocortical modules, and the standard consolidation theory. It also touches on the effects of amnesia on memory recall.
