15 Questions
What is the primary concern in ensuring high internal validity in research design?
Avoiding selection bias
What type of threat to internal validity is associated with changes in the instrument or observer over repeated testing?
Instrument change
Which of the following is NOT a remedy for mortality as a threat to internal validity?
Increased sample size
What type of threat to internal validity occurs when the researcher's expectations or biases influence the participant's response?
Experimenter bias
What is the primary purpose of using a control group in research design?
To control for extraneous variables
What is the primary concern of a researcher in terms of validity when designing a study?
To eliminate as many potential biases as possible
Which type of validity is concerned with the confidence that the outcome is due to the manipulation/measures used?
Internal validity
What is the primary goal of assessing the validity of a study?
To ensure that the results are trustworthy and not influenced by biases
What is a consequence of not considering validity when designing a study?
Interpreting the results becomes more difficult
What is the definition of validity in the context of research?
The extent to which the score 'behaves' as expected from theory
What is the primary purpose of discriminant validity?
To demonstrate that a measure is not assessing a different trait
What is a key factor in determining high external validity?
The representativeness of the sample of participants to the population
What is a threat to external validity?
A non-representative sample of participants
What is the primary concern of external validity?
Can the findings be generalized to all situations?
Why is random selection of participants rare in research?
Due to ethical and logistical concerns
Test your understanding of validity and threats to validity in psychological research, based on the lecture by Dr. Melanie Murphy and readings from Navarro and Foxcroft's 'Learning Statistics with Jamovi' and Howitt and Cramer's 'Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology'.
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