Psychology: Implicit Positive Self-Attitude
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Questions and Answers

What does implicit positive self-attitude measure?

  • Self’s rating for own initials minus the average rating by others (correct)
  • The difference between self-esteem and social approval
  • The average rating of self and how others perceive it
  • Self’s rating for others' names minus the rating of own name
  • What psychological effect explains why individuals may have a preference for the initial of their name?

  • Social comparison theory
  • Mere exposure effect (correct)
  • Mere ownership effect
  • Cognitive dissonance
  • What is a potential issue when individuals evaluate their self-attitude?

  • They can only judge based on past experiences
  • They may evaluate only physical appearance
  • They ignore social influences altogether
  • They often provide an exaggerated view to please others (correct)
  • The mere ownership effect suggests that people attribute more value to which of the following?

    <p>Items they perceive as 'theirs' or part of their identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What overall trend is observed regarding people’s evaluations of their name initials?

    <p>People tend to prefer the letter their name starts with over average ratings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes people's tendency to choose careers or partners that match the initials of their names?

    <p>Implicit egotism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of moral decision-making, what distinguishes the trolley-switch dilemma from the trolley-bridge dilemma?

    <p>The level of emotional involvement required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is associated with using emotions to guide decision-making?

    <p>Ventromedial prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of both the trolley-switch and trolley-bridge dilemmas?

    <p>Save 5 people and kill 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the somatic marker hypothesis suggest about decision-making?

    <p>People use emotional responses to guide decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might individuals hesitate to push the large man off the bridge in the trolley-bridge dilemma?

    <p>Pushing the man introduces a personal element to the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of moral dumbfounding illustrate about human decision-making?

    <p>People struggle to justify decisions based on emotion alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario has a less emotional impact, leading to a greater likelihood of the action being taken?

    <p>Trolley-switch dilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In moral decision-making, what role does emotion typically play according to the content?

    <p>It serves as a basis for preferences and decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might individuals consider when deciding between two food options, using the somatic marker hypothesis?

    <p>Their emotional reaction to each food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Implicit Positive Self-Attitude

    • The implicit positive self-attitude can be measured through the Name-Letter test.
    • This test analyzes the difference between the rating of an individual's own initials and the average rating of those same letters by others.
    • Individuals tend to rate their own initials higher than others, indicating a positive self-evaluation that extends to features associated with their identity.
    • This phenomenon can be explained through:
      • The mere exposure effect: The more familiar we are with something, the more we tend to like it.
      • Self-evaluation: People generally hold positive views of themselves, and this positivity can influence evaluations of things associated with them.
      • Mere ownership effect: We tend to attribute value and pleasure to things that belong to us or are part of our identity.

    Moral Decision-Making

    • Moral decision-making can be influenced by emotional factors, as illustrated by the Trolley Switch Dilemma and Trolley-Bridge Dilemma.
    • In the Trolley Switch Dilemma, a more impersonal choice is presented, with a focus on saving the majority.
    • In the Trolley-Bridge Dilemma, the decision feels more personal and emotionally charged, making it less likely for individuals to take action.
    • The emotional impact of these situations can influence our moral judgments, despite the outcome being the same in both scenarios.

    Somatic Marker Hypothesis

    • The Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPC) is crucial for integrating emotional body signals to guide decision-making.
    • People with lesions in this region demonstrate different patterns in moral decision-making.
    • The Somatic Marker Hypothesis emphasizes the role of emotional reactions in guiding decision-making processes.
    • This hypothesis suggests that we have an emotional response when considering potential choices (e.g., broccoli vs. chocolate cake), and our brain uses this bodily response to influence the decision.
    • While we may use reasons to justify our choices, the underlying driving force often comes from emotional responses.

    Moral Dumbfounding

    • The concept of moral dumbfounding describes the phenomenon of people being unable to provide a logical explanation for their moral judgments, even if they firmly believe in their decisions.
    • This highlights the influence of emotional and intuitive factors in shaping our moral reasoning.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of implicit positive self-attitude and moral decision-making in psychology. This quiz delves into the Name-Letter test and related phenomena such as the mere exposure effect and self-evaluation. Test your understanding of how these psychological principles shape our identity and moral choices.

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