Psychology: Implicit Positive Self-Attitude

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Questions and Answers

What does implicit positive self-attitude measure?

Self’s rating for own initials minus the average rating by others (correct)

The difference between self-esteem and social approval

The average rating of self and how others perceive it

Self’s rating for others' names minus the rating of own name

What psychological effect explains why individuals may have a preference for the initial of their name?

Social comparison theory

Mere exposure effect (correct)

Mere ownership effect

Cognitive dissonance

What is a potential issue when individuals evaluate their self-attitude?

They can only judge based on past experiences

They may evaluate only physical appearance

They ignore social influences altogether

They often provide an exaggerated view to please others (correct)

The mere ownership effect suggests that people attribute more value to which of the following?

Items they perceive as 'theirs' or part of their identity Signup and view all the answers

What overall trend is observed regarding people’s evaluations of their name initials?

People tend to prefer the letter their name starts with over average ratings Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes people's tendency to choose careers or partners that match the initials of their names?

Implicit egotism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of moral decision-making, what distinguishes the trolley-switch dilemma from the trolley-bridge dilemma?

The level of emotional involvement required Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with using emotions to guide decision-making?

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of both the trolley-switch and trolley-bridge dilemmas?

Save 5 people and kill 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the somatic marker hypothesis suggest about decision-making?

People use emotional responses to guide decisions Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals hesitate to push the large man off the bridge in the trolley-bridge dilemma?

Pushing the man introduces a personal element to the action Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of moral dumbfounding illustrate about human decision-making?

People struggle to justify decisions based on emotion alone Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario has a less emotional impact, leading to a greater likelihood of the action being taken?

Trolley-switch dilemma Signup and view all the answers

In moral decision-making, what role does emotion typically play according to the content?

It serves as a basis for preferences and decisions Signup and view all the answers

What might individuals consider when deciding between two food options, using the somatic marker hypothesis?

Their emotional reaction to each food Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Implicit Positive Self-Attitude

The implicit positive self-attitude can be measured through the Name-Letter test.
This test analyzes the difference between the rating of an individual's own initials and the average rating of those same letters by others.
Individuals tend to rate their own initials higher than others, indicating a positive self-evaluation that extends to features associated with their identity.
This phenomenon can be explained through:
- The mere exposure effect: The more familiar we are with something, the more we tend to like it.
- Self-evaluation: People generally hold positive views of themselves, and this positivity can influence evaluations of things associated with them.
- Mere ownership effect: We tend to attribute value and pleasure to things that belong to us or are part of our identity.

Moral Decision-Making

Moral decision-making can be influenced by emotional factors, as illustrated by the Trolley Switch Dilemma and Trolley-Bridge Dilemma.
In the Trolley Switch Dilemma, a more impersonal choice is presented, with a focus on saving the majority.
In the Trolley-Bridge Dilemma, the decision feels more personal and emotionally charged, making it less likely for individuals to take action.
The emotional impact of these situations can influence our moral judgments, despite the outcome being the same in both scenarios.

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

The Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (VMPC) is crucial for integrating emotional body signals to guide decision-making.
People with lesions in this region demonstrate different patterns in moral decision-making.
The Somatic Marker Hypothesis emphasizes the role of emotional reactions in guiding decision-making processes.
This hypothesis suggests that we have an emotional response when considering potential choices (e.g., broccoli vs. chocolate cake), and our brain uses this bodily response to influence the decision.
While we may use reasons to justify our choices, the underlying driving force often comes from emotional responses.

Moral Dumbfounding

The concept of moral dumbfounding describes the phenomenon of people being unable to provide a logical explanation for their moral judgments, even if they firmly believe in their decisions.
This highlights the influence of emotional and intuitive factors in shaping our moral reasoning.

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Description

Explore the concepts of implicit positive self-attitude and moral decision-making in psychology. This quiz delves into the Name-Letter test and related phenomena such as the mere exposure effect and self-evaluation. Test your understanding of how these psychological principles shape our identity and moral choices.