Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do clinicians assume the distribution of psychosis to be?
What do clinicians assume the distribution of psychosis to be?
- Uniform
- Continuous
- Bimodal (correct)
- Normal
What is the actual distribution of psychosis?
What is the actual distribution of psychosis?
A continuous, semi-normal distribution.
What percentage of individuals have hallucinations but do not come into contact with the medical field?
What percentage of individuals have hallucinations but do not come into contact with the medical field?
- 15% (correct)
- 5%
- 10%
- 20%
What does 'First Episode Psychosis' typically refer to?
What does 'First Episode Psychosis' typically refer to?
What is the typical course of First Episode Psychosis?
What is the typical course of First Episode Psychosis?
Why is the duration of untreated psychosis concerning?
Why is the duration of untreated psychosis concerning?
Is treatment after onset and management of symptoms the best we can do in the medical field?
Is treatment after onset and management of symptoms the best we can do in the medical field?
What is the new model in Australia regarding mental health for adolescents?
What is the new model in Australia regarding mental health for adolescents?
What does 'prodromal phase' mean?
What does 'prodromal phase' mean?
How is the prodrome determined?
How is the prodrome determined?
What symptoms typically emerge in the early prodromal phase?
What symptoms typically emerge in the early prodromal phase?
What symptoms are involved in the late prodromal phase?
What symptoms are involved in the late prodromal phase?
When does the onset of a psychotic disorder occur?
When does the onset of a psychotic disorder occur?
Where is the DSM-5 location for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome?
Where is the DSM-5 location for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome?
What does Criterion A for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome require?
What does Criterion A for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome require?
What does Criterion B for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome specify?
What does Criterion B for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome specify?
What does Criterion C for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome require?
What does Criterion C for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome require?
What does Criterion D for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome state?
What does Criterion D for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome state?
What does Criterion E for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome imply?
What does Criterion E for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome imply?
What does Criterion F for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome ensure?
What does Criterion F for Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome ensure?
How is psychosis defined?
How is psychosis defined?
What does intensity indicate in the context of psychosis?
What does intensity indicate in the context of psychosis?
What does frequency in the context of psychosis entail?
What does frequency in the context of psychosis entail?
What does urgency refer to in psychosis?
What does urgency refer to in psychosis?
What percentage of individuals identified as being at risk develop a psychotic disorder?
What percentage of individuals identified as being at risk develop a psychotic disorder?
What are the most common trajectories for individuals who do not convert to a psychotic disorder?
What are the most common trajectories for individuals who do not convert to a psychotic disorder?
What differentiates converters from non-converters?
What differentiates converters from non-converters?
What occurs during the reduced synaptic density/connectivity?
What occurs during the reduced synaptic density/connectivity?
What impact does reduced white matter integrity have?
What impact does reduced white matter integrity have?
How do converters demonstrate greater gray matter reduction?
How do converters demonstrate greater gray matter reduction?
What does greater presynaptic dopamine indicate?
What does greater presynaptic dopamine indicate?
What are some predictors of conversion to psychosis?
What are some predictors of conversion to psychosis?
What are other prodromal identifiers?
What are other prodromal identifiers?
What happens to youth who do not convert within two years?
What happens to youth who do not convert within two years?
Can conversion to psychosis be prevented in clinically high-risk youth?
Can conversion to psychosis be prevented in clinically high-risk youth?
Do clinical trials show that treatment is effective for preventing conversion?
Do clinical trials show that treatment is effective for preventing conversion?
What are the recommendations regarding antipsychotics and psychosocial therapy?
What are the recommendations regarding antipsychotics and psychosocial therapy?
What are some barriers to treatment?
What are some barriers to treatment?
Study Notes
Distribution of Psychosis
- Clinicians traditionally view psychosis distribution as bimodal; however, it is a continuous, semi-normal distribution.
- Approximately 15% of individuals experience hallucinations without engaging with the medical field; only 1% receive a psychotic disorder diagnosis.
First Episode Psychosis
- Typically marks the initiation of in-patient hospitalization when treatment begins.
- Generally, symptoms show improvement post-first episode, with effects lasting around two years before stabilizing.
Duration of Untreated Psychosis
- Extended untreated duration leads to poorer clinical outcomes, including increased risks of suicidality, violence, depression, anxiety, and overall quality of life decline.
Early Identification and Prevention
- The focus in psychology is shifting towards early identification and prevention instead of only post-onset treatment.
Prodromal Phase
- Originates from the Greek word "prodromos," meaning the forerunner of an event, indicating early symptoms before a full disorder manifests.
- Typically occurs between ages 15-25, lasting 2-4 years prior to a first episode.
Symptoms of Prodrome
- Early symptoms include negative manifestations (e.g., drive, affect, social difficulties) followed by general mood symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
- Late symptoms consist of attenuated positive symptoms like unusual thoughts, paranoia, and impaired social cognition.
Onset Characteristics
- Psychotic disorder onset is characterized by an absolute conviction in beliefs, increased danger to self or others, and functional decline.
Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome (APS)
- Listed under "areas for further consideration" in DSM-5, yet holds clinical significance.
- Diagnostic criteria for APS includes symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech occurring at least once a week over the past month, began or worsened in the past year, and must cause significant distress.
Defining Psychosis
- Based on severity, frequency, and urgency:
- Intensity involves conviction and disruption to daily life.
- Frequency requires symptoms present for 1 hour daily over 4 days a week for a month.
- Urgency implies serious disorganization or danger, irrespective of duration.
Risk of Developing Psychosis
- Roughly 20% of individuals identified as at-risk for psychosis develop a disorder within two years.
- Common outcomes for non-converters include mood or anxiety disorders and symptom remission.
Biological Factors
- Greater synaptic pruning rates and reduced connectivity can distinguish converters from non-converters.
- Converters display greater grey matter reduction in key areas like the orbitofrontal cortex and have higher presynaptic dopamine levels.
Predictors and Other Identifiers
- Age, first-degree relatives, and male sex are significant predictors for conversion to psychosis.
- Additional identifiers include demographics, symptoms, cognition issues, and stress responses.
Clinical Implications
- Treatment efficacy shows that 10% of treated individuals convert compared to 30% of untreated ones; psychosocial treatment is emphasized over specific modalities.
- Challenges to treatment include stigma, lack of symptom recognition, insufficient mental health education, and limited available programs.
Recommendation for Antipsychotics
- In cases of dangerous symptoms during the attenuated phase, antipsychotic medications are commonly prescribed.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to the prodromal phase of psychosis through these flashcards. Test your understanding of the distribution of psychosis, the prevalence of hallucinations, and their significance in clinical contexts. Ideal for psychology students and professionals.
