Psychology Developmental Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of physical literacy in early childhood education?

Cognitive development through storytelling

Improving fine motor skills exclusively

Developing physical, affective, and psychomotor skills (correct)

Enhancing social interactions among peers

Which activity is NOT typically associated with promoting physical literacy in young children?

Rhythmic activities

Free play

Manipulative activities

Watching television programs (correct)

During which developmental phase do children predominantly learn fundamental movement skills?

Advanced motor control phase

Social play phase

Fundamental movement phase (correct)

Sensorimotor phase

Which of the following describes the cephalocaudal development pattern in children?

Development from head to toe Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is a clear indicator of the fundamental movement phase?

Throwing a ball with precision Signup and view all the answers

What is the main psychological struggle in Erikson's first stage of development?

Trust vs. Mistrust Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of development does Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage occur?

7 to 11 years Signup and view all the answers

What additional focus did Bronfenbrenner include in his updated model?

Interplay between person and environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Erikson's stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation?

Nurturing future generations Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does peer influence become significant, according to Erikson's development model?

Identity vs. Confusion Signup and view all the answers

What are the four key elements of development according to Piaget?

Experience, Maturation, Social transmission, Equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What developmental stage follows the Pre-operational Stage in Piaget's theory?

Concrete Operational Stage Signup and view all the answers

How did Bronfenbrenner's view of development evolve over time?

He recognized the significance of processes in development. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of proximal processes in Bronfenbrenner's ecological model?

Interaction with people and objects in the environment Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does the fundamental movement phase occur according to development stages?

2 to 7 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic evaluated in the person component of the ecological model?

Type of locomotion Signup and view all the answers

In the rudimentary movement phase, which skills are primarily developed?

Basic survival motor behaviours Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the broader time influences on development in Bronfenbrenner's model?

Chronosystem Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the first phase of movement development?

Use of reflex movements Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is NOT part of the basic motor behaviours developed in the rudimentary movement phase?

Standing independently Signup and view all the answers

Which component of Bronfenbrenner's model includes the immediate environment such as family and school?

Microsystem Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the elementary stage of motor skill development?

Children gain greater control over their movements. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the mature stage of motor skill development?

It is the foundation for all sports skills. Signup and view all the answers

In the specialized movement phase, what is the primary focus?

Mastering special skills needed for recreation or sport. Signup and view all the answers

What does responsiveness in parenting encompass?

Supporting a child's developmental level. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes demandingness in parenting?

Monitoring children's behaviors and setting clear expectations. Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowledge of child development important for adults?

It enables them to have realistic expectations based on developmental stages. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of Goal 1 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

To end poverty in all forms everywhere. Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of Goal 3 of the United Nations SDGs?

To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Signup and view all the answers

Which objective focuses on the availability and sustainable management of clean water and sanitation?

Clean water and sanitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of promoting sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth?

Promote decent work and economic growth Signup and view all the answers

Which objective aims to combat climate change and its impacts?

Climate Action Signup and view all the answers

What does the objective of 'Life on land' emphasize?

Management of terrestrial ecosystems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals related to climate change?

Conserve renewable energy sources Signup and view all the answers

The goal 'Partnerships for the goals' is aimed at what?

Strengthening the means of implementation Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the objective 'Sustainable cities and communities'?

Making cities inclusive and resilient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following emphasizes responsible consumption and production patterns?

Responsible consumption and production Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erikson's Stages of Development

Each stage of development is associated with a specific psychological struggle.
Infancy to 18 months: Trust vs Mistrust
18 months to Age 3: Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Ages 3 to 5: Initiative vs Guilt
Age 6 to 11: Industry vs Inferiority
Age 12 to 18: Identity vs Confusion
Age 18 to 40: Intimacy vs Isolation
40 to 65: Generativity vs Stagnation
65 to DEATH: Integrity vs Despair

Piaget's Stages of Development

There are four elements in development: maturation, experience, social transmission, and equilibrium.
Sensori-Motor Stage
Pre-operational Stage (2 to 7 Years)
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years)
Formal Operational Stage (11 & above)

Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model

Multiple interconnected and layered spheres of influence impact development.
Focus on interplay between person and environment, rather than just the environment alone.
Environments have:
- Microsystem: immediate surroundings
- Mesosystem: interactions between microsystems
- Exosystem: indirect influences
- Macrosystem: broader cultural influences
Time is a critical factor:
- Chronosystem: life-long experiences
- Micro-time: specific events
- Meso-time: recurring events

Proximal Processes

Interactions with people and objects in immediate environment.
Dynamic and progressively complex.

Person in the Bioecological Model

Unique characteristics, including disposition, resources, and physical attributes.

Physical Literacy

Integral part of education, encompassing physical, affective, and psychomotor skills.
Can be enhanced through activities like manipulative, rhythmic activities, freeplay, and water activities.

Gallahue's Hourglass Model of Motor Development

Reflective Phase: Newborn movements driven by reflexes.
Rudimentary Movement Phase (0-2 years): Development of basic survival motor behaviors.
Fundamental Movement Phase (2-7 years): Learning and mastering fundamental movement skills, including locomotion, stability, and object control.
Specialized Movement Phase (7-adulthood): Refinement of motor skills for specific activities and sports.

Parenting Styles

Responsiveness: Degree of adult supportiveness and understanding child development.
Demandingness: Setting boundaries, limits, and expectations, including monitoring and supervision.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Goal 1: No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
Goal 2: Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security, and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
Goal 4: Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
Goal 5: Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management for clean water and sanitation for all.
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all.
Goal 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.
Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among countries.
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Goal 13: Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Goal 14: Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development.
Goal 15: Life On Land: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
Goal 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.
Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development.

Cephalocaudal Development

Refers to the development of the body from head to toe.
True.

Skill Development

Throwing a ball with accuracy at a target is a mature fundamental movement skill that requires coordination and strength.

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Description

This quiz explores key theories in developmental psychology, focusing on Erikson's stages of development, Piaget's cognitive stages, and Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model. Understand the significant psychological struggles and influences that shape human development from infancy to old age.